CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL INTERACTION. Social Interaction Involves people communicating face-to-face and acting and reacting in relation to other people Involves

CHAPTER 5CHAPTER 5

SOCIAL SOCIAL INTERACTIONINTERACTION

Social InteractionSocial Interaction

Involves people communicating Involves people communicating face-to-face and acting and face-to-face and acting and reacting in relation to other reacting in relation to other peoplepeople

Structured around norms, roles, Structured around norms, roles, and statusesand statuses


StatusStatusRecognized positions occupied Recognized positions occupied

by interacting peopleby interacting people


Status SetStatus SetThe entire ensemble of statuses The entire ensemble of statuses

occupied by an individualoccupied by an individual


Achieved StatusAchieved StatusA status that depends on the A status that depends on the

capabilities nd efforts of the capabilities nd efforts of the individualindividual


Ascribed StatusAscribed StatusA status that does NOT depend A status that does NOT depend

on the capabilities and efforts on the capabilities and efforts of the individualof the individual


Master StatusMaster StatusA status that is most influential A status that is most influential

in shaping one’s life at a given in shaping one’s life at a given time – it matters more to your time – it matters more to your identity at that time than other identity at that time than other statusesstatuses


RoleRoleSets of expected behaviorsSets of expected behaviors

Role SetRole SetA cluster of roles attached to a A cluster of roles attached to a

single statussingle status


Professor

Wife

Mother

Lecturer

Evaluator

Intimate Companion

Home Owner

Medical Caregiver

Emotional Support Giver

Status Set

Role Set


Role definitions do changeRole definitions do change Role Sets do changeRole Sets do change


Role ConflictRole ConflictOccurs when two or more Occurs when two or more

statuses held at the same time statuses held at the same time place contradictory role place contradictory role demands on a persondemands on a person


Role StrainRole StrainOccurs when incompatible role Occurs when incompatible role

demands are placed on a person demands are placed on a person in a single statusin a single status


Wife

Professor

Mother

Professor

Evaluator

Teacher

Role Conflict Role Strain


Norms, roles and statuses are Norms, roles and statuses are the building blocks of all face-the building blocks of all face-to-face communicationsto-face communicationsEmotionEmotionGriefGrief

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social Interaction

Exchange TheoryExchange Theory Rational Choice TheoryRational Choice Theory Symbolic InteractionismSymbolic Interactionism Dramaturgical Analysis TheoryDramaturgical Analysis Theory Ethnomethodology TheoryEthnomethodology Theory Conflict TheoryConflict Theory

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social InteractionExchange TheoryExchange Theory

All social relationships involve a All social relationships involve a literal give and takeliteral give and take

Exchange attention, pleasure, Exchange attention, pleasure, approval, prestige, information, and approval, prestige, information, and moneymoney

With payoff relationships endure and With payoff relationships endure and without payoffs relationships endwithout payoffs relationships end

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social Interaction Rational Choice TheoryRational Choice Theory

Focuses on the way interacting Focuses on the way interacting people weigh the benefits and people weigh the benefits and costs of interactioncosts of interaction

People always try to maximize People always try to maximize benefits and minimize costs.benefits and minimize costs.

From business to marriageFrom business to marriage

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social InteractionSymbolic InteractionismSymbolic Interactionism

People create meanings and desires in the People create meanings and desires in the course of social interactioncourse of social interaction

Humans act toward things based on the Humans act toward things based on the meaning these things have for themmeaning these things have for them

The meaning emerges from social The meaning emerges from social interactioninteraction

The use of meanings occurs through The use of meanings occurs through process of interpretationprocess of interpretation

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social InteractionDramaturgical analysisDramaturgical analysis

A play in which we present A play in which we present ourselves in the best possible ourselves in the best possible lightlight

Impression ManagementImpression Management

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social InteractionEthnomethodologyEthnomethodology

The study of how people make The study of how people make sense of what others do and say sense of what others do and say by adhering to preexisting by adhering to preexisting normsnorms

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social Interaction Conflict TheoryConflict Theory

When people interact, their statuses When people interact, their statuses are often arranged in a hierarchyare often arranged in a hierarchy

Those on top enjoy more power Those on top enjoy more power than those on the bottomthan those on the bottom

The degree of inequality strongly The degree of inequality strongly affects the character of social affects the character of social interaction between the interacting interaction between the interacting partiesparties

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social Interaction

Verbal and Nonverbal Verbal and Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication

Social context of languageSocial context of language Body languageBody language Personal SpacePersonal Space Status cuesStatus cues

Modes Modes ofof Social Interaction Social Interaction Verbal and Nonverbal Verbal and Nonverbal

CommunicationCommunication Social context of languageSocial context of language

We learn language not because we We learn language not because we understand words – computers can understand words – computers can do that - but because we can learn do that - but because we can learn the social and cultural contexts that the social and cultural contexts that give words meaninggive words meaning


CommunicationCommunicationBody languageBody language

Facial ExpressionsFacial ExpressionsGesturesGesturesBodyBody


CommunicationCommunication Personal SpacePersonal Space

Intimate zone (18”)Intimate zone (18”)Personal Zone (18”-4’)Personal Zone (18”-4’)Social Zone (4-12’)Social Zone (4-12’)Public Zone (12’ and beyond)Public Zone (12’ and beyond)


CommunicationCommunication Status cuesStatus cues

Visual indicators of other Visual indicators of other people’s social positionpeople’s social position

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CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL INTERACTION. Social Interaction Involves people communicating face-to-face and acting and reacting in relation to other people Involves