Chapter 5

Section 3

Major goals of the delegates at the Constitutional Convention included

A. Careful revision of each article of the Articles of Confederation

B. Preservation of the UnionC. Creation of a stronger national

governmentD. Restricting democracy in the

several states

http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/constitution/images/fig51.jpg

THE STRUGGLE FOR RATIFICATION:

Problem: Rhode Island – boycotted Const. Convention

Solution: After 9 states ratify, Const. in effect in those states

Effect: Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island are last states to ratify

DEBATE RAGES!!! TO RATIFY OR NOT!!!

FEDERALISTS (MADISONIANS)

ANTI-FEDERALISTS (JEFFERSONIANS)Anti-federalists:

AGAINST RATIFICATION

WHY: Suspect the elite, suspicious of tyranny

WHO: Poor farmers, frontiersmen, states’ rights advocates

Federalists:FOR RATIFICATION

WHY: Stability and Strength needed to secure economy and the high seas

WHO: Propertied classes, merchants, bankers

Who were some famous Americans in favor of ratification?

Who were some of the famous Americans opposed to ratification?

Why were they opposed?

Map: Federalist and Antifederalist Strongholds, 1787-1790

Federalist and Antifederalist Strongholds, 1787-1790Federalists drew their primary backing from densely populated areas along major transportation routes, where trade, mobility, and frequent contact with people in other states encouraged a nationalistic identity. Antifederalist support came from interior regions where geographic isolation bred a localistic perspective. However, some westerners, especially in Georgia and western Virginia, voted for a strong central government that would push back the Indians or the Spanish . Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

FEDERALIST PAPERSA series of essays written by Madison, Hamilton, et al. to create support for ratification in New York, most famous was Federalist #10

AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction. …By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. …The inference to which we are brought is, that the CAUSES of faction cannot be removed, and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its EFFECTS. …From this view of the subject it may be concluded that a pure democracy, by which I mean a society consisting of a small number of citizens, who assemble and administer the government in person, can admit of no cure for the mischiefs of faction. A republic, by which I mean a government in which the scheme of representation takes place, opens a different prospect, and promises the cure for which we are seeking. …The two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended. …A rage for paper money, for an abolition of debts, for an equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, will be less apt to pervade the whole body of the Union than a particular member of it; in the same proportion as such a malady is more likely to taint a particular county or district, than an entire State.

The Federal Procession in New YorkThe unknown artist of The Federal Procession in New York, 1788, captured the jubilant mood of Americans as they celebrated their new Constitution with parades, bonfires, and banquets. As the "Ship of State" float indicates, New Yorkers were particularly eager to acknowledge the role of their own Alexander Hamilton in launching the new government. (Library of Congress)

The Federal Procession in New York

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights is a compromise

between the Federalists/Madison and the AntiFederalists/Jefferson.

Why?

(See page 141)

Which groups were not included in the rights and freedoms created by the Bill of rights and the Constitution?

Why?

ARTICLES• Two levels• Equal• Small &Large

states fight• No courts• No fed power• STATES power• Makeshift• NO COMPROMISE• EQUALITY• LIBERTY

CONSTITUTION• Senate House• Different powers• Small &Large states

COMPROMISE• States/feds/people• Thought out/ debate• ORDER vs. liberty

SIMILAR

REPUBLICANISM

Large states and small states still have influence

Fear of tyranny

Fear of people voting directly

Wealthy hold most power

Debt is a problemEquality? of Women? of Slaves? of Native Amer.?

1776 1781 1783 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1791

NW Land Ord., Const.Convention GW President

Const. Ratified1781 1783 1785 1786 1787 1788 1789 1791

Art.Conf. Treaty of Paris

Land Ord. Annapolis Convention, Shay’s starts

9th State Ratifies Const. Bill Rights

Was the Bill of Rights evolutionary or revolutionary?• Compromise• Complete change• Rights and freedoms• No one overthrown• Balance• Other compromises• Gradual• Federalists and Anti-Feds• Madison Jefferson• Ratification• Trust• Peaceful• Voters• Constitution

THEMES• Order• Compromise• Balance• Liberty• Rights• Government• Egalitarianism• Federal• Republic• Democracy• Representation• Evolution/revolution