Chapter 5 Safety and Health - PBworks · PDF fileHigh noise levels can ... earplugs or earmuffs . ... © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 23 Permission granted to reproduce for educational

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Chapter 5Chapter 5

Promoting Proper PracticesPromoting Proper Practices

Safety and HealthSafety and Health

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© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.3

ObjectivesObjectives

� Describe how the workplace environment

influences the safety of individuals working in

an industrial setting.

� Explain how awareness of safety issues in a

situation influences the safety of an individual.

� Identify personal traits that may make an

individual more prone to violate safety

procedures.


ObjectivesObjectives

� Identify general equipment considerations that

influence safe working conditions in the fluid

power industry.

� Describe safety rules that need to be followed

when working with individual hydraulic and

pneumatic components.

� Identify government regulations that influence

safety regulations and practice in the fluid

power industry.

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Workplace/Environmental Workplace/Environmental ConsiderationsConsiderations

� Important elements in the prevention of

accidents and cumulative injuries include:

– Good equipment

– Appropriate shop layout

– Satisfactory working conditions



� Effective machine placement and efficient

work flow reduces employee movement

� This reduces the number of accidents and

injuries

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� This shop has good lighting, clear aisles, and

clean work areas

Yates Industries, Inc.



� Proper air exchange and circulation in a shop

facility will:

– Protect the general health of all employees

– Reduce accidents through improved attention levels

of workers

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� High noise levels can cause cumulative hearing

loss and require the use of ear protection by

employees

Reprinted courtesy of Caterpillar, Inc.



� Light intensity requirements depend on the type

of work performed in an area

� General light levels must meet required

standards

� Supplemental light should be supplied for

detailed work

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� Appropriate fire

extinguishers and fire

blankets must be provided

in all shop, training, and

classroom areas



� Working conditions cause only about 15% of

injuries on the job

� Unsafe acts of employees cause up to 85% of

industrial accidents

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� Personal characteristics can lead to unsafe

actions:

– Lack of job knowledge

– Lack of awareness of the job hazards

– Fear of operating a machine

– Overconfidence in performing an operation

– Impatience with following procedures



� Concern for job security may cause workers to

risk health or injury

� New workers may duplicate bad habits of

established workers

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� Attention-diverting activities can cause the

accident rate of employees to increase:

– Personal problems

– Conflicts or socialization with fellow employees

– Job dissatisfaction

– Traffic in the work area



� Providing a work

atmosphere in which

employees understand

and support safety and

health issues is a good

investment by an

employer

Eaton Fluid Power Training

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� Employee safety and health programs must be

supported by top management in order to be

successfully initiated and operated



� Management can obtain long-term employee

support by offering a program that

systematically:

– Provides safety and health training

– Promotes the use of protective clothing and

equipment

– Establishes emergency care procedures and

disaster plans

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� Training should be provided to all employees

who have jobs that can adversely affect their

safety and health

� Protective gear is used to assure safety and

health of employees who perform jobs or work

in areas where total elimination of risk is

difficult



� Protective clothing and equipment is commonly used to protect employees in the areas of:

– Hearing

– Sight

– Respiration

– Head

– Feet

– Burn prevention

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� Hearing protection may be in the form of

earplugs or earmuffs.



� Many operations

require appropriate

eye protection.

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General Industrial Hazard General Industrial Hazard Control ConsiderationsControl Considerations

� Safety should be promoted by:

– First designing out as many hazards as possible in

equipment and facilities

– Then using employee promotion to reduce the

remaining problems


� General housekeeping involves:

– Keeping floors and work areas clean

– Proper storage of materials

– Proper storage of tools

� Good housekeeping can greatly reduce

employee accidents and injuries


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� This facility practices good housekeeping

HYDAC Technology Corporation



� Guards must be installed when hazards cannot

be eliminated from the basic design of the

machine


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� Machine guards can be classified as:

– Fixed enclosures that cover the dangerous area

– Interlocking devices that shut off power to the

machine when danger is exposed

– Automatic devices that push or pull endangered

body parts out of the hazardous area

– Specialized designs, such as those that require

two-hand operation



� This machine requires two-hand operation


Used with permission of CNH America LLC

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� The schematic for a two-handed circuit



� Systematic equipment maintenance promotes

safety by keeping tools and equipment in good

condition so they can properly function during

routine operation


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� Injuries often occur during the routine handling

of materials

� Workers need to be trained in the proper lifting

of heavy weights to prevent back injuries

� Workers must understand the operation of

complex material handling equipment




� Back supports can be

used to help reduce

back injuries.

Ergodyne

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Specific Fluid PowerSpecific Fluid PowerSafety FactorsSafety Factors

� Fluid power systems should always be

approached as if they are pressurized and ready

for operation

� Compressed gases in a pneumatic system and

the possibility of an accumulator circuit in a

hydraulic system can cause unexpected actuator

movement, even when the system is shut down



� Workers should always assume a machine is

ready to operate

Yates Industries, Inc.

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� Actuators are generally considered the most

dangerous of the fluid power components

because of the motion they produce

� Selecting the proper actuator and correctly

installing it will improve the safety

performance of a fluid power circuit, as well as

increase system efficiency



� Actuators are generally

the most dangerous

component in a system

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� Proper sizing, alignment, and guarding of

couplings between a prime mover and a pump

or compressor is important to both the safe

operation and performance of hydraulic and

pneumatic power units



� Air receivers contribute

to the safe operation of

pneumatic systems by:

– Providing storage of

adequate air to operate

the system

– Reducing pulsations in

the air that is delivered

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� When setting up a fluid power circuit, it is

safest to initially set:

– Pressure and flow control valves at their lowest

settings

– Directional controls in their normal or centered

position



� Machine controls should:

– Be located within easy reach of the operator in the

normal work area

– Be located away from moving parts

– Not interfere with the normal work surface used by

the operator

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� Hydraulic circuits with accumulators should be

designed to automatically unload system

pressure during machine shut down

� This helps reduce the danger of unexpected

actuator movement caused by the release of

fluid stored in a charged accumulator



� The safe operation of compact air tools requires

that users learn to respect their power and high

speed

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� Air ratchet and sockets



� Air impact wrench and sockets

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Safety RequirementsSafety Requirementsand Programsand Programs

� A 1970 federal act resulted in the establishment

of the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA)


Safety RequirementsSafety Requirementsand Programsand Programs

� OSHA regulates minimum requirements for

industries in areas such as:

– Fire protection

– Emergency medical treatment

– Use of personal protective equipment

– Accident record keeping and reporting

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Review QuestionReview Question

What are three workplace elements important in

the prevention of accidents and cumulative

injuries?

A. Good equipment, B. shop layout, and

C. working conditions.



What are the three general factors that

employees must know if they are to safely

perform a job?

A. Steps necessary to perform the job, B. hazards

associated with the job, and C. required personal

protective equipment.

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List three general factors that can contribute to

accidents and injuries in an industrial setting.

A. Inattentive machine operators, B. inappropriate

equipment or processes, and C. defective or poorly

designed equipment.



It is critical that spilled oil be quickly cleaned up in a

shop area in order to reduce the:

A. possibility of accidents caused by falls on slippery floors.

B. accumulation of dirt and debris in the pooled oil.

C. fire hazard of oil-soaked materials.

D. All of the above.

D. All of the above.

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A major difference between hydraulic and

pneumatic systems, which is important to

safety, is the _____ characteristic of gases.

compressibility



Name three factors that are critical to the safe

installation and operation of actuators.

A. Proper selection of the component, B. correct

installation in the system, and C. protection from heat,

corrosion, abrasive dirt, and shock as it functions.

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� Back injury

– An injury to the skeletal, muscular, or nervous-

system elements of the back associated with

lifting or other work-related activity.

GlossaryGlossary


GlossaryGlossary

� Earmuffs

– Devices designed to protect the hearing of the user by reducing the decibel level of sound reaching the inner ear. The device is made from sound-deadening materials that snugly fit over the ears.

� Earplugs

– Devices designed to protect the hearing of the user by reducing the decibel level of sound reaching the inner ear. The device is inserted into the outer ear canal.

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GlossaryGlossary

� Equipment maintenance

– Service and repair work applied to equipment to assure expected performance and service life.

� Eye protection device

– Protective wear ranging from eyeglasses to full face shields that are designed to prevent eye injuries from caustic fluids, flying debris, or harmful light rays.


GlossaryGlossary

� Hearing-protection devices

– Protective wear, including earplugs and earmuffs,

designed to prevent injury to the inner ear that could

result in hearing loss.

� Housekeeping

– A general term used to indicate the process of

keeping a workplace clean, orderly, and free from

clutter.

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GlossaryGlossary

� Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA)

– Federal agency that establishes requirements for

safety, including safe and healthy working

conditions and the encouragement of employees to

follow safe working practices.

Documents

Chapter 5 Safety and Health - PBworks · PDF fileHigh noise levels can ... earplugs or earmuffs . ... © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 23 Permission granted to reproduce for educational