Chapter 5

Question

• In the years immediately after a fire, a forest will experience…

Answer

• Secondary Succession

Question

• Which of the following best describes a successful individual in evolutionary terms?

A. A successful individual possesses traits that are different from the traits of the rest of the population.

B. A successful individual produces many offspring that possess unique traits.

C. A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes.

D. A successful individual will be well adapted to its environment and produce a few high quality offspring.

Answer

• C – A successful individual is well adapted to its environment and produces offspring that survive to pass on genes

Question

• An interaction in which an individual of one species kills and consumes an individual of another is called…

Answer

• Predation

Question

• In the Western United States, at the southern edge of their range, moose are sometimes so severely infested with ticks that they die. The tick/moose relationship is best described as…

Answer

• parasitic

Question

• A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to survive. Flowers depend on bees to pollinate them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the bees a place to live in exchange for some of their honey. The relationship among these three sets of organisms is…

Answer

• Mutualism

Question

• The ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes eat deer is…

Answer

• The sun

Question

• In a food web that consists of grass, mice, deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is likely to have the greatest biomass?

Answer

• grass

Question

• A niche restricted by competition is a _______ niche.

Answer

• realized

Question

• In the history of the world, how many mass extinctions have occurred?

Answer

• 5

Question

• A deer browsing on shrubs is an example of…

Answer

• Herbivory

Question

• The first level of all food pyramids consists of …

Answer

• Primary producers

Question

• A species with a restricted tolerance for environmental conditions is a ….

Answer

• Specialist

Question

• A landslide causes part of a mountainside to fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years immediately following the landslide, the area will experience _____ succession.

Answer

• Primary succession

Question

• If these are present in a new environment, a species is unlikely to become invasive (3).

Answer

• Predators, parasites, and competitors

Question

• In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat bamboo, but each species specializes in one part of the bamboo – one species eats mature bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an example of…

Answer

• Resource partitioning

Question

• In the previous question, one lemur species eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots contain high levels of cyanide, a toxic chemical. This lemur species has developed a tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide. What do you think will happen over time?

Answer

• The level of cyanide in the bamboo population will increase

Question

• When energy is transferred between trophic levels, the amount of available energy lost is about…

Answer

• 90%

Question

• Humans are generally ______vores

Answer

• Omnivores

Question

• Any being that uses sun’s energy to create sugars is a …

Answer

• Primary producer

Question

• Two populations of deer species are separated when a glacier forms. After the glacier melts, the two populations have become different species. This is and example of allopatric _________.

Answer

• Speciation

Question

• Communities that are powered by the sun depend on ________ for their energy. (The answer is not primary producers)

Answer

• photosynthesis

Question

• Animals gathering around a water hole in a drought prone area and establishing hierarchies of access to the water is an example of ________.

Answer

• Competition

Question

• You have many species of bacteria living in your gut that help you with digestion. This relationship is best defined as …

Answer

• Commensalism/Mutualism

Question

• An _____ species is a species that has been introduced to a new area and lacks limiting factors.

Answer

• Invasive

Question

• True or False: A nation where most of the people eat primarily vegetarian diet will be able to support a lower population than it would if the people ate a lot of meat.

Answer

• False

Question

• The twenty varieties of heirloom tomatoes available at your local farmer’s market are the result of …

Answer

• Artificial selection

Question

• _______________ is an interaction in which an animal eats a plant.

Answer

• Herbivory

Question

• An organism’s ______ describes its use of resources and functional role in a community.

Answer

• Niche

Question

• ______ is an accidental change in DNA

Answer

• mutation

Question

• ______ consume nonliving organic matter including leaf litter, waste products, and the dead bodies of other communities.

Answer

• detritivores

Question

• _____ is a close, long-term association between two organisms.

Answer

• Symbiosis

Question

• ____ is the process by which bacteria use energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to convert carbon dioxide and water to sugars.

Answer

• Chemosynthesis

Question

• A species that has a strong and wide-ranging impact on a community is a _________ species.

Answer

• Keystone

Question

• ____ break down nonliving matter into simpler parts that can be taken up and reused by primary producers

Answer

• decomposer