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CHAPTER - V
PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT
5.1 A Historical Perspective
Nashik has a personality of its own, due to its mythological,
historical, social and cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks
of the Godavari River, making it one of the holiest places for Hindus all
over the world. Nashik has a rich historical past, as the mythology has it that
Lord Rama, the King of Ayodhya, made Nashik his adobe during his 14
years in exile. At the same place Lord Laxman, by the wish of Lord Rama,
cut the nose of ‘Shurpnakha’ and thus this city was named as ‘Nashik’.
In Kritayuga, Nashik was ‘Trikantak’, ‘Janasthana’ in Dwaparyuga
and later in Kuliyuga it became ‘Navashikh’ or ‘Nashik’. Renowned poets
like Valmiki, Kalidas and Bhavabhooti have paid rich tributes here. Nashik
in 150 BC was believed to be the country's largest market place. From 1487
AD this province came under the rule of Mughals and was known as
‘Gulchanabad’. It was also home of Emperor Akbar and he has written at
length about Nashik in ‘Ein-e-Akbari’. It was also known as the ‘Land of
the brave’ during the regime of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
5.1.2 Ramayana Period
No one knows when the city of Nashik came into existence. It is
stated to have been present even in the Stone Age. Lord Ramchandra along
with wife Sita and brother Laxman settled down in Nashik for the major
time of their ‘Vanwasa’. According to the mythology, Laxman cut the nose
(‘Nasika’ in Sanskrita) of ‘Shurpanakha’ and hence the city got the name
‘Nashik’. Long ago, Brahmadeva had meditated in ‘Padmasana’ here, so the
city was also called ‘Padma-Aasana’ for some time.
178
Location Map of Maharashtra
Figure No. 5.1 Location Map of Maharashtra State
179
Location Map of Nashik District
Figure No. 5.2 Location Map of Nashik District
180
Map of Nashik District
181
Figure No. 5.3 Map of Nashik District
Map of Geographical Area of Nashik District
Figure No. 5.4 Map of Geographical Area of Nashik District
182
5.1.3 Peshwa Period
In the recent past, the Moguls were fascinated by the beauty of the
city and renamed it as ‘Gulshanabad’ meaning the city of gardens. Beautiful
fresh flowers were sent to Aurangazeb from Gulshanabad i.e. Nashik. But it
was during the rule of the Peshwas, when the place was finally renamed as
Nashik. During the Peshwas period, Raghobadada and his wife Anandibai
settled down at ‘Anandwalli’ in Nashik. There are some remains of
Anandibai’s fort. There is also a temple called ‘Navasha Ganapati’ built by
Anandibai. It was during the British rule in April 1818, when Nashik once
again regained its importance. The British fell in love with the beauty of the
city and developed it in various fields. The Golf course, developed by the
British, was one of the largest in Asia. Nashik is surrounded by nine hills,
namely: Durga, Ganesh, Chitraghanta, Pandav, Dinger Ali, Mhasarul,
Jogwada, Pathanpura and Konkani. This beautiful city with hills
surrounding it has lakes, adding to its beauty.
Rise & Growth of National Movement In 1869 the region came to
enjoy unbroken peace. In 1869 Nashik was made a full-fledged district with
its present talukas. With the return of peace Nashik flourished into
prosperity. Reasons, political, religious, as well as commercial led to its
rapid development. With the construction of the railway, going from
Bombay to north-east, from very near the city, religious minded devotees
came to be attracted to the town in ever increasing numbers where they
made their purchases of various artistic & useful articles. This made Nashik
a great trade centre where artisans skilled in manufacturing utensils &
smiths excelling in workmanship in silver & gold crowded to ply their trade.
Already Nashik was a highly flourishing town even under later Maratha rule
183
& some time during that period the sow car families like braves,
Vaishampayans & Gadres of the locality started their financial activity.
Under Maratha rule they advanced sums to finance military
campaigns of feudal Sardars & in their later times their Pedhi's gradually
began to finance the flourishing trade in metal ware & fabrics as well as
grapes & onions. By the middle of 19th century the British Rule was firmly
established & the public life of Nashik began to pulsating with activities
suited to the times. In 1840 was established a ‘Native Library Nashik’. In
1861 an Anglo-vernacular school was started & 1864, the town came to
have a municipality of its own.
During these days there lived in Nashik a saintly person, known as
Dev Mamaledar. His name was Yeshvant Mahadev Bhosekar. He began his
career as an humble clerk in the revenue department & gradually rose to the
position of Mamaledar. He always had a feeling for the poor & the
suffering. During the period of his service as a Mamledar in Baglan Taluka,
which has its head quarter at Satana, A severe famine affected the area &
Bhosekar generously helped the people to alleviate their sufferings. He
always led a virtuous life & spent his spare moments in devout religious
practices. In course of time he became so famous that princes & people
began to respect him as a saint & called him Yeshvantrav Maharaj. Upon his
death in 1887 people raised a small beautiful temple for his Samadhi on the
ban of the river where his last funeral rites were performed. The paved floor
around came to be known as Yeshvant Patangana, which has now become a
great centre of public assemblage & activity.
184
5.2 Milestones in the history of Nashik
Some of the major events in the history of Nashik are:
Table No. 5.1
Milestones in the history of Nashik
1840 Sarvajanik Vachanalaya Established. (Public Library)
1854 Sharanpur Colony formed
1861 Deolali Cantonment formed
1862 Nashik Road Railway Station was built
1864 Nashik Municipality formed
1869 Nashik District formed
1894 Saint Andrew Church built
1894 Construction work for Victoria Bridge started
1910 Police Training School established
1922 Distillery started at Nashik Road
1927 Security Press formed at Nashik Road
1941 Artillery Center migrated to Nashik Road from Quetta in
Pakistan
[Source: http://www.nashik.nic.in]
5.3 Nashik District at a Glance
Nashik District is located between 18.33 degree and 20.53 degree
North Latitude and between 73.16 degree and 75.16 degree East Longitude
at Northwest part of the Maharashtra State, at 565 meters above mean sea
level. The District has great mythological background. Lord Rama lived in
Panchvati during his vanvas. Agasti Rushi also stayed in Nashik for
Tapasya. The Godavari river originates from Trimbakeshwar in Nashik. One
of the 12 Jyotirlingas also at Trimbakeshwar. Nashik has to its credit many
185
well known and towering personalities like Veer Sawarkar, Anant Kanhere,
Rev. Tilak, Dadasaheb Potnis, Babubhai Rathi, V.V. Shirwadkar and Vasant
Kanetkar just name few. Nashik is also known as Mini Maharashtra,
because the climate and soil conditions of Surgana, Peth, Igatpuri resembles
with Konkan, Niphad, Sinnar, Dindori, Baglan blocks are like Western
Maharashtra and Yeola, Nandgaon & Chandwad blocks are like Vidarbha
Region. Nashik, Malegaon, Manmad, Igatpuri are some of the big cities
situated in the Nashik District.
Recently two talukas are created in the District making the total
talukas to 15. Out of 15 blocks in the District, as many as 8 blocks viz
Surgana, Peth, Igatpuri, Kalwan, Baglan, Dindori, Trimbakeshwar & Nashik
are tribal blocks. The district also identified as tribal by the State
Government. Many important rivers of Maharashtra originate in the district.
Godavari which is popularly known as Ganga of South India originates at
holy place Trimbakeshwar. Another major river is Girna. Other rivers are
Darna, Mosam, Aram, Vaitarna, Manyad and Kadwa.
A Taluka is an administrative block generally comprising about 90 to
100 contiguous villages, with a small town as its headquarters. On an
average 8 to 10 Talukas make up a district. Nashik became full-fledged
district in 1869. At that time there were 13 talukas and Government has
announced two more talukas on 26th June 1999 (Deola and Trimbakeshwar).
At present 15 talukas are representing district. Malegaon taluka is the largest
in area in the district, occupying 12 percent area of the district, whereas Peth
is the smallest taluka having 3.36 percent area followed by Deola having 3.8
percent area; remaining talukas having on an average 5 to 9 percent area of
total district. As per 2001 census, the district is having total 1931 villages
out of four villages are uninhabited.
186
5.3.1 Temperature
Though average rainfall of the district is between 2600 and 3000 mm,
there is wide variation in the rainfall received at various blocks. Most of the
rainfall is received at various blocks. Most of the rainfall is received from
June to September. The maximum temperature in summer is 42.5 degree
centigrade and minimum temperature in winter is less than 5.0 degree
centigrade. Relative humidity ranges from 43% to 62%. Climate of the
Nashik is generally compares with that of Banglore and Pune because of its
pleasant nature. However in recent years it is noticed that the temperature is
increasing and the rainfall is decreasing due to industrialization and fast
deforestation.
5.3.2 Forest
The forest area in the Nashik district lie in the western part of the
district. The forest in the district covers 3,20,668-hectare area, which is 20.5
percent of total geographical area. Surgana, Kalwan, Peth, Dindori, Nashik,
Igatpuri, Trimbakeshwar talukas have a number of forests. Teak, Sissov
trees are found in large number of these forests. The forest area is mainly
located in the western, northern and southwestern regions of the district.
Teak is the main species, other species are Sadala, hed, Haldu, Sisum,
Khair, Tiwas, Bibla, and Dhavada Bamboos.
The details about total geographical area, Forest area and percentage
of forest to geographical total area is shown in Table No. 5.2.
187
Table No. 5.2
Forest Area in Nashik District (Hectare)
Year Total Geographical Area
Forest Area
% of Forest to Geographical Total Area
1997-1998 1563430 311248 19.9
1998-1999 1563430 332310 21.3
1999-2000 1563430 282865 18.1
2000-2001 1563430 320668 20.5
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-2002]
Graph No.5.1 Forest Area in Nashik District
5.3.3 River
As a result of new technology in many industries the demand for
water has increased greatly. Consequently, the problem of seciring usable
water at reasonable rate is now a major one. An adequate water supply is
Year wise Forest Area
1563430 1563430 1563430 1563430
311248 332310 282865 320668
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001 Year
Are
a (H
ecta
re)
Forest Area
Total Area
188
necessity in choosing a site for industries including poultry farming. The
following are the important rivers of the Nashik District.
The important rivers and their length of Nashik District is shown in
Table No. 5.3
Table No. 5.3
Rivers & their Length in Nashik District
Sr. No Name of the River
Length (km)
Talukas through which flows
1. Godavari 111 Nashik, Niphad
2. Girana 114 Surgana, Kalwan, Baglan,
Nandgaon
3. Vaitarana 40 Igatpuri
4. Darna 80 Igatpuri, Nashik, Niphad
5. Kadwa 74 Dindori
6. Manaid 48 Nandgaon
7. Mosam 98 Baglan, Malegaon
[Source: http://www.nashik.nic.in]
5.3.4 Crop and Cropping Pattern
The crops like wheat, paddy and other cereals are grown in various
parts of the District. But Bajra & Maize are the major crops. Paddy is
mainly grown in Tribal belt i.e. Igatpuri, Peth, and Surgana Blocks.
Vegetables and Onion were main cash crops for last 30 years. Because of
variety of vegetables and its supply to Mumbai, the District was known as
Backyard of Mumbai. After establishment of sugar factories, Sugarcane has
acquired important position in the agriculture economy of the District. One
sugar factory under private sector at Ravalgaon and other sugar factories
under co-operative sector at Niphad, Ranwad, Palse, Materewadi and
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Vithewadi are functioning in the District. Economic development in the
rural area with speed started only after establishment of sugar factories. The
Government has granted permission for starting four sugar factories under
private sector as a result of the liberalization. One sugar factory in private
sector has started functioning in Satana Block (Dwarkadhish) This
development was however concentrated around the existing sugar factories.
Since last 20 years the grape has acquired dominance on the agricultural
economy of District. Due to water shortage in Kalwan, Deola, Baglan and
Malegaon blocks the farmers have shifted to Pomegranate from sugar cane
and grape crops. Some progressive farmers are cultivating flowers in green
houses. These developments also indicate that the farmers in the District
adopt new technology and methods of cultivation very fast.The district has
been identified for the purpose of establishment of Wine Park and Food
Park.
Climate in the District is also suitable for allied activities such as
Dairy, Poultry, and Sheep & Goat rearing. There are two large units of
poultry viz. C & M Groups and Ashok Kumar Hatcheries in Nashik. Few
years back some farmers have tried to establish medium sized goat rearing
units under stall-fed conditions. However the results are not encouraging.
Dairy has been identified as Key activity under S.G.S.Y. in almost all the
blocks. The district has unlimited potential for dairy activity. Allied
activities have also very good scope, as the gigantic market of Mumbai is at
the doorstep of the District.
i. Cropping pattern
Cropping pattern means the proportion of area under different crops at
a point of time. A change in cropping pattern implies a change in the
proportion of area under different crops. The cropping pattern of the Nashik
district is given in the Table No. 5.4
190
Table No. 5.4
Cropping Pattern (Hectares) (00)
Crops 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01
Cereals 6261 5870 5532 5245 5518
Pulses 707 1104 668 641 648
Fibers 70 75 73 111 99
Sugarcane 296 193 286 289 313
Fruits 300 323 284 272 300
Spices 59 56 57 67 61
Others 1257 1846 1732 1795 1708
Total Cultivated Area 8950 9467 8632 8420 8647
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-02]
Graph No. 5.2 Cropping Pattern (Area Hectres)
Cropping Pattern
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 Year
Are
a H
un
dre
d H
ecta
res
Cereals Pulses Fibers Sugarcane Fruits Spices Others
191
The above Table No. 5.4 indicates the share of different categories of
crops in the total are sown. Bajara, Rice, Jawar are the main Kharif crops of
Nashik district, cotton and groundnuts are also grown here. Jawar, Wheat
and Gram are grown in the district during the rabbi season.
5.3.5 Availability & Usage of Electricity
The district has one electricity project at Eklahare having linear
capacity of 910 megawatt. In the district all towns and were electrified. The
use of electricity profoundly changed the structure and role of energy
supplies in modern industry and has certain important consequences on the
location of industrial activity. During 2001-02, 18281 lakh kilowatt
electricity was used in the district. Out of this 17.28 percent was utilized for
industry, 16.62 was utilized for domestic purpose and 6.06 percent was
utilized for agriculture purpose. Total electric connections recorded were
8,28,232 as against 7,50,514 recorded till 2000-01. In the district up to 31st
March 2002 all towns and villages were supplied with electricity for
irrigation purpose, and 2,03,228 electric pumps were lifting the water, Out
of these Niphad taluka was on the top having 18 percent pumps sets and
Peth taluka was at the lowest having 0.36 percent electric pumps set as on
31.03.2002 because of hilly and rocky forest area.
5.3.6 Transport
The Nashik District is connected with roads, railways and air. The
district is having total length of roads of 7290 kms up to 31st March 2002 as
against 7261 as on 31st March 2001. The total road length of the
Maharashtra State was 2.66 lakh kms up to 31st March 2002.
Nashik is located at the railway route of Mumbai-Delhi main broad
guage route and another broad gauge route is Manmad-Pune, length of
central railway of 287 kms. routed through Igatpuri, Nashik, Niphad,
192
Nandgaon, and Yeola Talukas. Manmad is the place in district having
junction railway station. The district was having 3,93,179 and 4,34,244
registered vehicles as on 31.03.2001 and as on 31.03.2002 respectively.
Major transport on road as public transport is the buses of MSRTS. Two
national highways running through the Nashik District are,
a. Mumbai-Agra Highway (National Highway No.3): Enters into
Igatpuri Taluka and traveling through Igatpuri, Nashik, Chandwad
and Malegaon Talukas leaves the district at Zodiac village of
Malegaon Taluka.
b. Nashik-Pune Highway (National Highway No.50): After crossing
Nashik, Sinnar Taluka laves the district in Hanuman Ghat, Kashe
Ghat on the south.
5.3.7 Communication
Communication can be made through telephone, post mailing
services, fax, mobile,e-mail etc. In Nashik district upto 31st March 2002
more than 667 places were provided with post offices; up to the end of
March 2002 for every lakh population 13 post offices were providing
services. As on 31st March 2001 and 31st March 2002 in the district 58 and
74 places were having telegram facility.In recent years business of private
courier services are developed are and people are availing of the facility
even in taluka places.
In the district up to 31st March 2002, more than 2.25 lakhs telephone
connections were given. It means there is 13 percent increase as compared
to 2001. Almost in all villages telephone on national and international level
is available, telex facility is also available at all talukas. Private and
Government mobile services are available in the district, Nashik District has
local and non-local newspapers.
193
5.3.8 Public Health Services
In the year 2001-02 the district has public aided 60 hospitals, 113
dispensaries, 134 delivery centers and 103 primary health centers. In all
these 5600 total beds were available, out of which 2329 beds were for ladies
patients only. Total doctors working were 657 and they admitted 1.60 lakh
patients and other medicated patients were 20.54 lakhs. More recently
emphasis has been given to AIDS (Acquired Immuno Deficiency
Syndrome) control, cancer control and special health facilities in the tribal
area in the district.
5.3.9 Education
The first school in the Nashik was opened in 1861 as ‘Superior Anglo
vernacular school’, which was transformed into Nashik High school in 1871
and was the first Secondary School in the district. In 1883-84 Church
Mission started another school at Satpur. In 1923-24 Nashik Education
Society was established which later on came to be known as Pethe High
School in 1948.In the year 2000-01 Nashik District was having 3322
primary schools, 648 secondary and higher secondary schools. Out of the
total 10.65 lakh students in primary and secondary schools, 49.89 percent
were girls and remaining 50.11 percent were boys. Out of the total students
in primary, secondary and higher secondary schools 9.83 percent and 20.67
percent students were from scheduled caste and scheduled tribe respectively
in the district.
During the year 2000-01 Nashik District was having 32 Arts, Science
and Commerce Colleges. The students studying in these colleges from XI
onwards were 37216, out of this 40.12 percent were girls and remaining
59.88 percent were boys.
194
The District is having Eight Engineering and Nine Polytechnic
institutions, One Medical college, Three Ayurvedic colleges, Eighteen
Industrial Training Institutes, Fourteen B. Ed., Sixteen D.Ed. and Two Law
colleges. Apart from this the district has education institutes in the areas like
Management, Computer Science, Hotel Management and Catering
Technology etc.
5.3.10 Agriculture
In Maharashtra State out of the total area under agriculture, about 84
percent is depending upon monsoon. Nashik District agriculture is
depending upon monsoon.
As per land survey during 2000-01, 75 percent agricultural land is
depending upon monsoon. Soil, topography, climate and monsoon is few
talukas in district are into favorable for agriculture. As a result per hectare
yield is low, rather reducing due to low rainfall, draught in recent years.
Landholding is the size of land held by landowner. Average size of holding
in hectares, number of land holders and total area of land held by the land
holders in the Nashik district in the Table No.5.5
195
Table No.5.5
Average size of land holding (1990-91)
Total Holding Sr. No.
Size of holding (Area in Hectare) No. Area (Hectare)
1. Less than 0.02 Hectare 2565 27
2. 0.02 -0.05 Hectares 51657 14199
3. 0.05-1.00 Hectares 62418 47354
4. 1.00 to 2.00 Hectares 117679 173508
5. 2.00 to 3.00 Hectares 66561 161793
6. 3.00 to 4.00 Hectares 35019 120887
7. 4.00 to 5.00 Hectares 21311 94855
8. 5.00 to 7.50 Hectares 26321 159895
9. 7.50 to 10.00 Hectares 10660 91009
10. 10.00 to 20.00 Hectares 8563 112387
11. 20.00 Hectares and above 1063 41350
Total 403817 1017265
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey- Nashik District. 2001-02]
As per agricultural survey conducted during 1990-91, 4.03,817
landholders were recorded with having 10,17,243 hectares land, average
landholding was 2.52 hectares, 58 percent landholders were having less than
2 hectares land and these landholders were having 23 percent of total land,
25.15 percent landholders were having 2 to 4 hectares land and were having
28 percent of total land, 24 percent of total land 2.12 percent landholders
were having 10 to 20 hectares and more than 20 hectares land and these
landholders were having 11 percent and 4 percent of total land respectively
in the district. Agriculture forms the backbone of the Indian economy and
196
despite rapid industrialization in the last five decades; agriculture occupies a
place of pride. Being the largest industry in the country, agriculture provides
employment to the around 65 percent of the total workforce in the country.
Table No. 5.6
Distribution of Agricultural Land (Area 000 Hectares)
Particulars 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01
Cultivated for agriculture 947 863 842 865
Forest area 311 332 283 320
Not cultivated 112 102 79 115
Not available for
agriculture 193 266 359 263
Total Geographical area 1563 1563 1563 1563
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-02]
Graph No. 5.3 Distribution of Agricultural land
Distribution of Agriculture Land
947 863
842 865
311 332 283 320
112 102 79 115
193 266
359 263
0 100 200 300 400 ]500 600 700 800 900
1000
1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 Year
Are
a in
th
ou
san
d h
ecta
res
Cultivated for agriculture Forest area Not cultivated Not available for agriculture
197
As per land survey during 2000-01, total area of the district was 1537
thousand hectares, out of which 20.53 percent area is occupied by forest,
hence 51.75 percent is net area under cultivation, 9.08 percent are is not
available for agriculture, 2.94 percent area though cultivable but not
cultivated and 8.31 percent area is barren land. 865 thousand hectares land
was under cultivation out of which 56 thousand hectares area has been
cultivated at more than one time in a year, out of the net cultivated area this
was 7 percent. As per land survey of 2000-01 out of the total cultivated are
85.91 percent area was cultivated with food grains and 14.09 percent area
were cultivated with non-food grains. In cereal crop bajara was at the top in
cultivation with 61 percent are under cereals. In the district sugarcane,
grapes vegetables are the main cash crops.
5.3.11 Classification of Worker
The classification of workers is related with their occupation. We
divide occupations into three different types. Agriculture, animal husbandry,
forestry, fishery, etc. are collectively known as ‘primary’ activities.
Manufacturing industries, both small and large scale, are known as
‘secondary’ activities. Transport, communication, banking and finance
services are called ‘tertiary’ activities, which help the primary and
secondary activities in the country.
The occupation wise classification of workers in the Nashik District
is given in the Table No.5.7
198
Table No.5.7
Occupation wise Classification of Workers
Rural Urban Total
Primary Sector
Male 538 (81.14) 32 (9.52) 570 (57.05)
Female 500 (95.78) 20 (30.76) 520 (88.58)
Total 1038 (87.59) 52 (12.96) 10.90 (68.72)
Secondary Sector
Male 50 (7.54) 144 (42.85) 194 (19.41)
Female 11 (2.10) 17 (26.15) 28 (4.77)
Total 61 (5.14) 161 (40.14) 222 (13.99)
Tertiary Sector
Male 75 (11.32) 160 (40.61) 235 (23.52)
Female 11 (2.12) 28 (43.07) 30 (6.64)
Total 86 (7.25) 188 (46.80) 274 (17.27)
Grand Total
Male 663 (100.00) 336 (100.00) 999 (100.00)
Female 522 (100.00) 28 (100.00) 587 (100.00)
Total 1185 (100.00) 401 (100.00) 1586 (100.00)
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey-Nashik District, 2001-02]
(Figures in bracket is percentage to total male/female population)
Proportion of main workers to total population in Maharashtra State
in 2001 was 39.3 percent, which has decreased from 41.13 percent in 1991.
As per broad economic classification four categories are made for
composition of workers. As per the 1991 census, in the district 15.85 lakh
workers were recorded, which were 41.13 percent of total population. Out of
these workers 43.30 percent were cultivators, 24.16 percent were
agricultural labors, 1.46 percent were in the household industry and 14.40
were in other classes. The proportion of cultivators in the state declined
199
from 34 percent in 1991 to 28.6 percent in 2001. It means there is shift of
work force from agriculture to other sectors in the last decade.
5.4 Population
India possesses about 2.4 percent of the total land area of the world
but it has to support about 16 percent of the world population. The size of
the population of Nashik District is given in following Table No. 5.8
Table No. 5.8
Taluka wise Population
Population Sr. No.
Taluka Particulars
Area Sq.
Kms.
Density per
sq.km. Total Male Female
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1. Nashik
Total
Rural
Urban
810.57
536.36
274.21
1625
308
4201
1317081
165033
1152048
705901
85939
619962
611180
79094
532086
2. Peth
Total
Rural
Urban
560.60
560.60
000.00
173
173
000
96755
96755
00000
48568
48568
00000
48187
48187
00000
3. Dindori
Total
Rural
Urban
1342.19
1342.19
0000.00
197
197
000
264731
264731
000000
135670
135670
000000
129061
129061
000000
4. Surgana
Total
Rural
Urban
845.65
845.65
000.00
172
165
1741
145036
138892
6144
72943
69641
3302
72093
69251
2842
5. Kalvan
Total
Rural
Urban
859.71
859.71
000.00
192
192
000
165437
165437
000000
83789
83789
00000
81648
81648
00000
6. Baglan
Total
Rural
Urban
1477.83
1461.88
15.95
211
191
2041
311148
278597
32551
159714
142937
16767
151434
135650
15784
200
7. Malegaon
Total
Rural
Urban
1825.13
1800.09
25.04
432
185
18205
788961
333112
455849
405416
172544
232872
383545
160568
222977
8. Chandvad
Total
Rural
Urban
958.73
958.73
000.00
214
214
000
205145
205145
0000.00
105888
105888
0000.00
99257
99257
000.00
9. Nandgaon
Total
Rural
Urban
1098.82
1057.23
32.59
217
133
2934
236359
140756
95603
122109
73132
48977
114250
67624
46626
10. Yeola
Total
Rural
Urban
1064.47
1051.68
12.79
221
183
3378
235379
192174
43205
121350
98945
22405
114029
93229
20800
11. Niphad
Total
Rural
Urban
1053.65
1006.00
47.65
414
376
1223
436330
378035
58295
226311
195630
30681
210019
182405
27614
12. Sinnar
Total
Rural
Urban
1352.61
1348.88
3.73
215
192
8506
291025
259298
31727
150774
134291
16483
140251
125007
15244
13. Igatpuri
Total
Rural
Urban
846.32
828.12
18.20
270
213
2845
228363
176587
51776
117065
90240
26825
111298
86347
24951
14. Trimbak
Total
Rural
Urban
884.18
882.00
1.89
154
143
5187
136160
126356
9804
69061
63936
5125
67099
62420
4679
15. Deola
Total
Rural
Urban
576.94
576.94
000.00
225
225
000
130013
130013
000000
67421
67421
00000
62592
62592
00000
District Total
Total
Rural
Urban
15530
15112
436
321
202
4447
4987923
3050921
1937002
2591980
1568581
1023399
2395943
1482340
913603
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-02]
201
As per the population census of 2001 Maharashtra population was
9.67 crore which was 9.4 percent of the total population of the country
(102.70 crore). Nashik district is largest district in respect of population
after Mumbai. Total population of the district is 49,87,923 out of which
25,91,980 are male and 23,95,943 are female. During the decade 1991-2001
the population of the district has increased by 29.51 percent, which is excess
by 6.9 percent of state increase. As per the census of 2001 Nashik Taluka is
having highest population of 26.40 percent, whereas Surgana is having
lowest population of 2.91 percent of the district. The biggest taluka
Malegaon is having 15.82 percent population, Niphad and Baglan talukas
are having 8.08 percent and 6.24 percent population respectively and
remaining talukas are having 3 to 6 percent population of the district.
5.4.1 Density of Population
Density of population means the average number of persons living
per sq. kilometer. It also indicates the man land ratio. The density of
population cannot be treated as an index either of the poverty or of the
prosperity of a country.
Table No.5.9
Decadal Variations of Population Density
Decadal Rate Year
Density Per Sq.
kms.
Female Per 1000
males Total Rural Urban
2001 321 924 29.52 22.93 41.49
1991 248 940 28.73 20.25 47.52
1981 193 937 26.28 22.05 36.80
1971 152 920 27.20 22.49 42.84
1961 119 945 29.75 30.22 28.39
1951 92 715 0.00 0.00 0.00
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-2002]
202
As per population census of 2001 the density of population of the
district is 321, almost equal to that of Maharashtra (314) and India (312). As
per 1991 population census the density of population in the district was 248,
during the decade 1991-2001 there was an addition of 73 persons per
Kilometer. Nashik Taluka is having highest population 1625 per sq.km.
whereas Trimbak Taluka is having lowest population density of 154 per
sq.km.
5.4.2 Urban Population
As per the 2001 population census 42.4 percent (4.10 crores) of the
Maharashtra state population was in urban areas, as against 27.8 percent
(58.53 crores) at all India level. In Nashik District, out of the total
population of 49.88 lakh, 38.8 percent (19.37 lakh) are living in urban area.
Out of this 59.48 percent population is from nashik city only, 23.58 percent
is from Malegaon, the second largest city. Population density in urban area
is 4447 per sq. km. The urban population has incrased by 5.41 lakhs during
the decade (1991-2001).
Economic developed is generally associated with the growth of
urbanization. Some writers say that acid test of development lies in the shift
of population from the rural to the urban areas.
203
Table No.5.10
Decadal Variation of Urban Population (000)
Year Total Male Female
2001 1937 1023 914
1991 1369 715 654
1981 928 491 437
1971 678 356 322
1961 475 253 222
1951 370 194 176
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-2002]
Graph 5.4 Decadal Variation of Urban Population
5.4.3 Rural Population
As per the population census 2001, 57.6 percent (5.57 crores) of the
state total population (9.67 crores) was in rural area. Out of the total
population of district (49.88 lakhs). 3.51 lakh are living in rural area, in
1937
1369
928 678
475 370
1023 715
491 356
253 194
914 654
437 322
222 176 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2001 1991 1981 1971 1961 1951 Year
Nu
mb
er
Total Male Female
Urban Population
204
other words, 61.17 percent people are living in rural area. Population density
in rural area is 202 per sq.km. Means in India around 72 percent population
is living in rural area and 28 percent in urban area.
The decadal rural population variation of the Nashik District is given
in the Table No.5.11.
Table No.5.11
Decadal Variation of Rural Population (000)
Year Total Male Female
2001 3051 1569 1482
1991 2482 1270 1212
1981 1994 1053 941
1971 1691 865 826
1961 1380 700 680
1951 1040 517 523
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey – Nashik District, 2001-02]
Graph No.5.5 Decadal Rural Population
Rural Population
3051
2482
1994 1691
1380 1040
1569 1270
1053 865
700 517
1482 1212
941 826
680 523
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2001 1991 1981 1971 1961 1951 Year
Nu
mb
er
Total Male Female
205
During the decade 1991-2001 the increase in rural population in the
state was 15.1 percent, which was less than the corresponding increase (18.0
percent) for all India. The rural population in the district in 1991-2001
decade, increased by 22.92 percent, in other words, the rural population of
the district has increased by 5.69 lakhs.
5.4.4 Sex Ratio
Sex ratio is nothing but number of females per thousand males. India
is male dominated country and Maharashtra as well as Nashik District are
not exception to this.
The census of 2001 indicates that sex ratio in Maharashtra as a
female per thousand males is declined from 934 in 1991 to 924 females in
2001. In urban and rural area of the district the females are 893 and 945 per
thousand males.
The decadal sex ratio variation of the Nashik District is given in
Table No.5.12
Table No.5.12
Decadal Sex Ratio Variation (000)
Male Female Year
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
2001 2592 1569 1023 2396 1482 914
1991 1985 1270 715 1866 1212 654
1981 1545 1053 492 1447 1010 437
1971 1221 865 356 1148 826 322
1961 954 700 254 901 680 221
1951 731 517 214 699 523 176
[Source: District Socio-Economics survey – Nashik District, 2001-02]
206
Graph No.5.6 Decadal Male Sex Ratio
Graph No.5.7 Decadal Female Sex Ratio
Male Sex Ratio
1937
1369
928 678
475 370
1023
715 491
356 253
194
914
654 437
322 222 176
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2001 1991 1981 ]1971 1961 1951 Year
Nu
mb
er
Total Rural Urban
Female Sex Ratio
2396
1866
1447 1148
901 699
1482 1212
1010 826
680 523
914 654
437 322
221 176 0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
2001 1991 1981 1971 1961 1951 Year
Nu
mb
er
Total Rural Urban
207
5.4.5 Literacy
The state literacy ratio has improved as 77.3 percent (2001 census)
from 64.9 percent (1991 census). All India literacy ratio is 65.4 percent
(2001 census). The district has over all 74.20 percent literacy, in that 83.4
percent males and 64.20 percent females are literate. The district is 20th rank
in the state in respect of literacy. Literacy and population growth are two
factors, which bring about a change in agriculture.
5.4.6 Mortality Rate
During 2001-02 total births recorded in the district were 117933, it
means birth rate was 24 per 1000 persons and the deaths recorded during the
period were 26,277 it means death rate was 5 per 1000 persons.
Due to proper health and hygiene conditions, crude death rate is low
and infant mortality rate is also reducing in the district.
5.4.7 Religion-wise classification
In our country people of various castes and creeds live together. In
Nashik Dsitrict also the same thing is evident.
As per 1991 census population in the district were Hindu i.e. 86.53
percent; whereas lowest population was of Sikh religion i.e. 0.14 percent.
Population of other religions to the percentage of total population of district
was Bouddha 1.90 percent, Christian 0.41 percent, Jain 0.70 percent,
Muslim 10.17 percent and others were hardly 0.15 percent.
The religion-wise population classification of Nashik district is given
in following Table No. 5.13
208
Table No. 5.13
Religion wise Classification
Religion Rural Urban Total Percentage
Hindus 23962 9367 33329 86.53
Muslims 451 3469 3920 10.17
Buddhists 309 424 733 1.90
Jains 74 197 275 0.71
Christians 10 148 148 0.41
Sikhs 3 51 54 0.14
Others 14 35 50 0.14
Total 24823 13691 38514 100
[Source: District Socio-Economic Survey - Nashik District, 2001-02]
Graph No.5.8 Religion wise classification
33329
3920 733 275 148 54 50
23962
451 309 74 10 3 14
9367
3469 424 197 148 51 35
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
Hindus Muslims ]Buddhists Jains Christians Sikhs Others Religion
Nu
mb
er Total
Rural Urban Religion wise Classification
209
5.5 Industrial Development
Since last 6-8 years, industrial development has picked up the speed,
particularly after declaration of a five-star mega industrial estate on 2700 ha.
Land in Sinnar block. There are 174 medium and large industrial units
employing 75,834 people. Many reputed and large companies like Mahindra
& Mahindra, MICO, Siemens, Crompton Greaves, Kirloskar, and Raymond
steel, Jindal, Brook Bond, L & T, Ceat, VIP, Carbon Everflow, Garware,
Jyoti Structures, Samsonite, Datar Switch Gears, and Glaxo India etc. have
established their units in the District. Prestigious project IDEM of Mahindra
& Mahindra is established in Nashik very recently. Some of the important
Public Sector establishments like India Security Press, Hindustan
Aeronautics Ltd., Currency Note Press and Thermal Power Station etc. are
also located in the District. These industries have brought the District on the
National & International map. In addition to these industries the District also
has national level institutes like (i) Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Institute of
Rural Technology & Training run by KVIc and (ii) Indian Institute of
Numismatic Studies & Research at Trimbakeshwar.
5.6 Administrative Division
The ‘Balwantrai Mehta Committee’ recommended the formation of
local committees on par with Block Development Committees, to be named
as Panchayat Samitis, and at the district level a district committee to be
called Zilla Parishad, instead of the local boards etc., in order to secure
integration in the various developmental activities. Thus, the Gram
Panchayat, the Panchayat Samiti and the Zilla Parishad are the three
responsible functionaries in the decentralization of administration, which are
entrusted with the implementation of the developmental schemes.
210
Thus, an Act, to provide for the establishment of Zilla Parishads and
Panchayat Samitis, to assign to them local Government functions, and to
entrust the execution of certain works and development schemes in the State
Five-Year Plans and to provide for the decentralization of powers and
functions under certain enactments was passed in 1961, known as the
Maharashtra Zilla Parishads and Panchayat Samitis Act, 1961.
Table No. 5.14
Number of Blocks in Nashik District
Sr. No. Block Name
Block HQ Location
No of Panchayats
No of Villages
1. Nashik Nashik 64 135
2. Dindori Dindori 120 157
3. Igatpuri Igatpuri 92 120
4. Trimbakeshwar Trimbak 84 125
5. Peint Peint 73 201
6. Niphad Niphad 120 137
7. Sinnar Sinnar 114 129
8. Yeola Yeola 88 125
9. Malegaon Malegaon 130 154
10. Nandgaon Nandgaon 88 93
11. Chandwad Chandwad 91 112
12. Kalwan Kalwan 80 182
13. Satana Satana 129 180
14. Deola Deola 42 46
15. Surgana Surgana 58 188
16. Nashik Nashik 1373 1938
[Source: http://www.nashik.nic.in]
211
In 1962, as per the Maharashtra Zilla Parishad and Panchayat Samiti
Acts, Zilla Parishad and 13 Panchayat Samities were formed. Later 14th and
15th Panchayat Samiti Deola & Trimbak were formed.
The working of Zilla Parishad is carried out according to Sthai Samit
(Standing Committee) and Finance, Works, Agriculture, Education, Health,
Social Welfare Subject Samities. Administrative head of the Zilla Parishad
is from I.A.S. cadre. The president of Zilla Parishad is elected by the people
who have the major powers. Each Subject Samiti have the Head called as
‘Sabhapati’.
The statistics of Panchayat Samities are given in Table No. 5.14
5.6.1 Government Institutions
Nashik District also have following renowned institutions
Table No.5.15 Renowned Institutions in Nashik District
Sr. No Name of Organization
1. India Security Press (ISP)
2. Currency Note Press (CNP)
3. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
4. Artillery Center
5. Thermal Power Station
6. Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute (MERI)
7. Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS)
8. Yashwantrao Chavan Mahrashtra Open University (YCMOU)
9. Maharashtra Police Academy (MPA)
[Source: Compiled from field survey]
212
5.6.2 National Informatics Center
National Informatics Center was set up with a long-term objective of
setting up a computer-based informatics culture for decision support to
Government/Ministries/ Department and development, networking,
databases management programs for getting the information needed. NIC's
is promoting and systemizing the data collection, organization, processing
and its on-line accessibility. From 1985-86 NIC has extended its informatics
support services to state and District Administrations and signed
Memorandum of understanding with all the State Government/UT’s of the
Union of India.
NIC has been made the nodal Science & Technology organization of
the Government of India under the Ministry of Communication &
Information technology to introduce information technology tools for
executive support system (EGS) development and distributed databases
(DPBS) expert system, electronic mail services and 560 Districts
administration through its satellite based information communication
network (NICNET).
5.6.3 NIC -District Centers
One in each district of the country. Adequate computing resources to
cater to the need of the Government departments at all levels of
administration-central, state and district. This includes computer services to
almost central Government ministries in New Delhi, State Government
department –organizations.
National Informatics Center (NIC), constituted by the Government at
all levels of its hierarchy such as the Central Government, State Government
and District Administrations, has set up a nationwide satellite based
computer communication network called “NICNET”. NICNET in its
present configuration connects all Central Government Departments/State
213
Government Secretariats, District Administration Headquarters and some
public sector organizations in a single integrated network. In parallel with
setting up infrastructure, NIC has developed a large number of informatics
services for almost all sectors of the Government such as economy,
industry, etc. Many of this service make extensive use of NICNET resulting
in timely, efficient and reliable flow of information at different levels in the
Government hierarchy.
♦♦♦
