Chapter - 5. Marine Structure

8/19/2019 Chapter - 5. Marine Structure

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter-5-marine-structure 1/50

•PREPARED BY :-•KARTIK ZALA•Assi. Prof.,•Civil Engg. Departent,•!ICT.



Brea"#aterBrea"#ater

$ De%nition-: T&is is a prote'tiveDe%nition-: T&is is a prote'tive

(arrier 'onstr)'te* to +or an(arrier 'onstr)'te* to +or an

arti%'ial &ar(o)r #it& a #ater area soarti%'ial &ar(o)r #it& a #ater area soprote'te* +ro t&e efe't o+ seaprote'te* +ro t&e efe't o+ sea

#aves as to provi*e sa+e#aves as to provi*e sa+e

a''oo*ation +or s&ipping.a''oo*ation +or s&ipping.



Intro*)'tionIntro*)'tion$ It is a str)'t)re #&i'& ree'ts an* *issipatesIt is a str)'t)re #&i'& ree'ts an* *issipates

t&e +or'es o+ #in* generate* #aves.t&e +or'es o+ #in* generate* #aves.$ En'loses &ar(o)r an* "eep t&e &ar(o)rEn'loses &ar(o)r an* "eep t&e &ar(o)r#aters )n*ist)r(e*.#aters )n*ist)r(e*.

$ It provi*es sa+e an'&orage +or s&ipsIt provi*es sa+e an'&orage +or s&ips

$ a'ilitate loa*ing an* )nloa*ing o+ 'argo ina'ilitate loa*ing an* )nloa*ing o+ 'argo in'oparativel 'al #ater'oparativel 'al #ater

$ T&e insi*e o+ a (rea"#ater #&en T&e insi*e o+ a (rea"#ater #&en'onstr)'te* as a /)a +or &an*ling 'argo'onstr)'te* as a /)a +or &an*ling 'argo

t&en it is "no#n as a ole.t&en it is "no#n as a ole.$ T&e +)n'tion o+ (rea"#ater is to (rea" t&e T&e +)n'tion o+ (rea"#ater is to (rea" t&e

oent) o+ #ater ( eans o+ #aveoent) o+ #ater ( eans o+ #ave(rea"er(rea"er



$ or sever #ave a'tion it is 'onstr)'te* o+or sever #ave a'tion it is 'onstr)'te* o+

asonrasonr

$ It 'an (e a*e o+ 'on'rete or 'o)rse*It 'an (e a*e o+ 'on'rete or 'o)rse*stone t&ro)g&o)t.stone t&ro)g&o)t.

$ 0eig&t o+ a (rea"#ater *epen*s )pon its0eig&t o+ a (rea"#ater *epen*s )pon its

p)rpose, e1tent o+ en'lose* #ater areap)rpose, e1tent o+ en'lose* #ater area

an* t&e nat)re o+ e1isting s&ipping #or"an* t&e nat)re o+ e1isting s&ipping #or"

$ 0eig&t23.4 to 3.45 6 t&e &eig&t o+ #ave0eig&t23.4 to 3.45 6 t&e &eig&t o+ #ave

e1pe'te*e1pe'te*

$ T&e s)perstr)'t)re )st (e *esigne* to T&e s)perstr)'t)re )st (e *esigne* to#it&stan* over t)rning +or'es *)e to #ave#it&stan* over t)rning +or'es *)e to #ave

t&r)st, &*rostati' press)re an* t&e *ea*t&r)st, &*rostati' press)re an* t&e *ea*

#eig&t o+ t&e str)'t)re#eig&t o+ t&e str)'t)re



Tpe7'lassi%'ation Tpe7'lassi%'ation3.3. R)((le 8o)n* TpeR)((le 8o)n* Tpe

$ 8aterial-nat)ral ro'", 'on'rete (lo'", a8aterial-nat)ral ro'", 'on'rete (lo'", a'o(ination o+ ro'" an* 'on'rete (lo'", an*'o(ination o+ ro'" an* 'on'rete (lo'", an*'on'rete tetra po*s an* tri-(ars, or ot&er'on'rete tetra po*s an* tri-(ars, or ot&erirreg)lar s&apes.irreg)lar s&apes.

$ or *)ra(le ro'" +o)n*ation9 ro'" o)n*or *)ra(le ro'" +o)n*ation9 ro'" o)n*(rea"#aters are pre+erre*(rea"#aters are pre+erre*

$ Consist o+ t&ree laersConsist o+ t&ree laers

i.i. t&e 'ore-'onsists o+ /)arr #astet&e 'ore-'onsists o+ /)arr #aste

ii.ii. t&e intere*iate laer-)se* +or prote'ting slopest&e intere*iate laer-)se* +or prote'ting slopesan* t&e top o+ t&e 'ore-'onsists o+ r)((le stonesan* t&e top o+ t&e 'ore-'onsists o+ r)((le stones

iii.iii. top laer- )pper portion o+ (rea"#ater 'onsiststop laer- )pper portion o+ (rea"#ater 'onsistso+ (lo'"s #eig&ing 33-3 toneso+ (lo'"s #eig&ing 33-3 tones







4.4. verti'al #all tpeverti'al #all tpe

$ Tpes o+ verti'al #all tpe (rea"#ater Tpes o+ verti'al #all tpe (rea"#ater

i.i. 'on'rete (lo'" gravit #all'on'rete (lo'" gravit #all

ii.ii. stone an* 'on'rete asonrstone an* 'on'rete asonriii.iii. 'on'rete 'aissons'on'rete 'aissons

iv.iv. ro'" %lle* s&eet pile 'ellsro'" %lle* s&eet pile 'ells

v.v. ro'" %lle* ti(er 'ri(sro'" %lle* ti(er 'ri(s

vi.vi. 'on'rete or steel s&eet pile #alls'on'rete or steel s&eet pile #alls

$ ;)ita(le in +ollo#ing in +ollo#ing sit)ation;)ita(le in +ollo#ing in +ollo#ing sit)ation

i.i. <&ere *ept& o+ #ater is ore t&an 4 ties t&e<&ere *ept& o+ #ater is ore t&an 4 ties t&e

a1i) &eig&t o+ #avesa1i) &eig&t o+ #avesii.ii. #&en sea (e* is non-ero*a(le#&en sea (e* is non-ero*a(le

iii.iii. #&ere t&ere are no '&an'es o+ *iferential#&ere t&ere are no '&an'es o+ *iferentialsettleent o+ +o)n*ationssettleent o+ +o)n*ations





=.=. 'oposite (rea"#ater'oposite (rea"#ater

$ T&e soli* s)per str)'t)re 'onsists o+ a T&e soli* s)per str)'t)re 'onsists o+ a/)a prote'te* ( a parapet on t&e sea/)a prote'te* ( a parapet on t&e sea

+a'e+a'e$ Provi*es a plat+or +or &an*ling 'argoProvi*es a plat+or +or &an*ling 'argo

$ It a"es it possi(le +or s&ips to 'oe 'loseIt a"es it possi(le +or s&ips to 'oe 'loseto (rea"#ater #all, on t&e inner or &ar(o)rto (rea"#ater #all, on t&e inner or &ar(o)rsi*e +or loa*ing an* )nloa*ing 'argosi*e +or loa*ing an* )nloa*ing 'argo

$ It &as a r)((le (ase over #&i'& a verti'alIt &as a r)((le (ase over #&i'& a verti'al#all tpe (rea"#ater is 'onstr)'te*#all tpe (rea"#ater is 'onstr)'te*

$ Co(ination o+ o)n* an* verti'al #allCo(ination o+ o)n* an* verti'al #alltpe (rea"#atertpe (rea"#ater

$ Re'oen*e* in lo'ations #&ere t&eRe'oen*e* in lo'ations #&ere t&e*ept& o+ #ater is great an* t&e +o)n*ation*ept& o+ #ater is great an* t&e +o)n*ationis o+ #ea" aterialis o+ #ea" aterial

$ Dept& o+ #ater greater t&an =Dept& o+ #ater greater t&an =





<&arves<&arves

$ T&ese are plat+ors at #&i'& vessels ta"e on T&ese are plat+ors at #&i'& vessels ta"e onan* *is'&arge passengers an* 'argoan* *is'&arge passengers an* 'argo

$ It>s a plat+or ()ilt parallel to s&orelineIt>s a plat+or ()ilt parallel to s&oreline

$ Do'"s t&at parallels t&e s&oreDo'"s t&at parallels t&e s&ore

$ ;&o)l* give s)?'ient *ept& o+ #ater +or t&e;&o)l* give s)?'ient *ept& o+ #ater +or t&es&ip to oats&ip to oat

$ <&arves ()ilt parallel #it& t&e s&ore are<&arves ()ilt parallel #it& t&e s&ore are'alle* /)as'alle* /)as

$ B)ilt to retain or prote't t&e e(an"ent orB)ilt to retain or prote't t&e e(an"ent or%lling%lling





Tpes o+ #&arves Tpes o+ #&arves

3.3. open tpe #&arvesopen tpe #&arves

$ It 'an (e eit&er &ig& level *e'"s orIt 'an (e eit&er &ig& level *e'"s or

relieving tpe plat+orsrelieving tpe plat+ors$ It &as t&eir *e'"s s)pporte* ( piles orIt &as t&eir *e'"s s)pporte* ( piles or

'lin*er'lin*er

$ Can (e a*e o+ ti(er, R.C.C, or (ot&Can (e a*e o+ ti(er, R.C.C, or (ot&$ Pre 'ast or pre stresse* sla( or (eaPre 'ast or pre stresse* sla( or (ea

are e'onoi'alare e'onoi'al





4.4. soli* tpe #&arvessoli* tpe #&arves

$ T&ese are 'opose* o+ eart& or ro'" T&ese are 'opose* o+ eart& or ro'"%ll partl 'on%ne* ( soe sort o+%ll partl 'on%ne* ( soe sort o+()l"&ea*()l"&ea*

$ Dept& less t&an 35, (otto s)ita(leDept& less t&an 35, (otto s)ita(le

+or s)pport o+ gravit tpe o+ str)'t)re,+or s)pport o+ gravit tpe o+ str)'t)re,steel pile 'ells are (est s)ite*steel pile 'ells are (est s)ite*

$ Cells a't as a gravit #all o+ s)?'ientCells a't as a gravit #all o+ s)?'ient#eig&t#eig&t

$ Resist over t)rning or sli*ing at (aseResist over t)rning or sli*ing at (ase







@)a #alls@)a #alls

$ <&arves ()ilt parallel #it& t&e s&ore<&arves ()ilt parallel #it& t&e s&ore

are 'alle* /)asare 'alle* /)as

)n'tion-:)n'tion-:i.i. to retain an* prote't t&e e(an"entto retain an* prote't t&e e(an"ent

or %lling on t&e lan*#ar* si*eor %lling on t&e lan*#ar* si*e

ii.ii. to provi*e (ert&ing on t&e sea si*eto provi*e (ert&ing on t&e sea si*eiii.iii. to s)pport t&e plat+or a(oveto s)pport t&e plat+or a(ove





etties etties

$ De%nition-:De%nition-:

A narro# str)'t)re proe'ting +ro t&e s&oreA narro# str)'t)re proe'ting +ro t&e s&ore

into #ater #it& (ert&s on one or (ot& si*esinto #ater #it& (ert&s on one or (ot& si*es

an* soeties at t&e en* also.an* soeties at t&e en* also.

$ In t&e +or o+ pile* proe'tionsIn t&e +or o+ pile* proe'tions

$ Constr)'te* o)tsi*e t&e &ar(o)r or insi*e t&eConstr)'te* o)tsi*e t&e &ar(o)r or insi*e t&e

&ar(o)r&ar(o)r$ <&en ()ilt in 'o(ination #it& a (rea"#ater<&en ()ilt in 'o(ination #it& a (rea"#ater

t&en it is "no#n as (rea"#ater pier.t&en it is "no#n as (rea"#ater pier.



ses o+ ettiesses o+ etties

$ ett is a soli* plat+or 'onstr)'te* ett is a soli* plat+or 'onstr)'te*perpen*i')lar to t&e s&oreline orperpen*i')lar to t&e s&oreline or(rea"#ater(rea"#ater

$ It provi*es (ert& to s&ipsIt provi*es (ert& to s&ips

$ It is )se* +or &an*ling inaa(leIt is )se* +or &an*ling inaa(leaterials li"e petrol, *iesel, "erosene,aterials li"e petrol, *iesel, "erosene,

'r)*e oil et'.'r)*e oil et'.$ It 'an (e )se* +or *re*ging in t&eIt 'an (e )se* +or *re*ging in t&e

approa'& '&annelapproa'& '&annel



Tpes o+ etties Tpes o+ etties

3.3. ;oli* str)'t)re-:;oli* str)'t)re-:

$ It is )s)all o+ o)n* (rea"#ater tpeIt is )s)all o+ o)n* (rea"#ater tpe$ se* ore +or t&e prevention o+ silting in t&ese* ore +or t&e prevention o+ silting in t&e

entran'e '&annelentran'e '&annel

4.4. pile* str)'t)repile* str)'t)re

A.A. open pile ettiesopen pile etties$ C&eaper t&an t&e soli* tpe ()t &aving saeC&eaper t&an t&e soli* tpe ()t &aving sae

*)ra(ilit*)ra(ilit

$ Can>t (e )se* #&ere ett is re/)ire* to (e verCan>t (e )se* #&ere ett is re/)ire* to (e ver

#i*e#i*e$ Tier, R.C.C., steel Tier, R.C.C., steel

$ ;teel etties are s)pporte* on s're# piles;teel etties are s)pporte* on s're# piles

$ Tier an* R.C.C. are s)ita(le +or large etties Tier an* R.C.C. are s)ita(le +or large etties





B.B. pile* an* 'lin*er ettiespile* an* 'lin*er etties

$ Piles are 'opletel en'ase* inPiles are 'opletel en'ase* in

'on'rete 'lin*ers'on'rete 'lin*ers$ Piles 'arr loa*s o+ #&ole str)'t)rePiles 'arr loa*s o+ #&ole str)'t)re

an* 'lin*ers *on>tan* 'lin*ers *on>t

$ Capa(le o+ s)staining &eavCapa(le o+ s)staining &eavipa'ts +ro s&ipsipa'ts +ro s&ips



PierPier

$ Piers are t&e #&arves ()ilt at angle #it& t&e s&ore.Piers are t&e #&arves ()ilt at angle #it& t&e s&ore.$ n (ot& si*es o+ a pier (ert&s are provi*e*.n (ot& si*es o+ a pier (ert&s are provi*e*.

Tpe-: open or soli* 'onstr)'tion Tpe-: open or soli* 'onstr)'tion

$ pen pier are 'onstr)'te* over open #ater onpen pier are 'onstr)'te* over open #ater one1pose* ti(er or 'on'rete pilese1pose* ti(er or 'on'rete piles

$ pen pier are )se* #&ere ini) restri'tion o+pen pier are )se* #&ere ini) restri'tion o+')rrents is spe'i%e*')rrents is spe'i%e*

$ T&ese piers are relativel ore e'onoi'al as T&ese piers are relativel ore e'onoi'al asnarro# piers in *eep #aternarro# piers in *eep #ater



; li* i ( ilt + t i l li" t& "; li* i ( ilt + t i l li" t& "



$ ;oli* piers are ()ilt o+ aterials li"e eart& or ro'";oli* piers are ()ilt o+ aterials li"e eart& or ro'"%ll%ll

$ It ofer ore resistan'e to ipa't an* #aveIt ofer ore resistan'e to ipa't an* #avea'tion.a'tion.

$ 8ore sta(le an* ore e'onoi'al t&an open pier8ore sta(le an* ore e'onoi'al t&an open pier

$ t&e #ater area (et#een t#o a*a'ent piers ist&e #ater area (et#een t#o a*a'ent piers is"no#n as slip"no#n as slip

$ <i*t& o+ slip2= or 6 (ea o+ t&e largest s&ip to<i*t& o+ slip2= or 6 (ea o+ t&e largest s&ip to

(e a''oo*ate*(e a''oo*ate*$ Fo provision s&o)l* (e a*e +or 'argo storageFo provision s&o)l* (e a*e +or 'argo storage

$ G)i*elines-: *esign loa*2= "g7'4,G)i*elines-: *esign loa*2= "g7'4,'on'entrate* live loa*25 tone tr)'", 35 tone'on'entrate* live loa*25 tone tr)'", 35 tonelo'ootive 'rane, &oriHontal t&r)st on a pier &ea*lo'ootive 'rane, &oriHontal t&r)st on a pier &ea*

(ent a (e ta"en as 3 o+ t&e a1i) #eig&t(ent a (e ta"en as 3 o+ t&e a1i) #eig&to+ t&e vessel to (e (ert&e*o+ t&e vessel to (e (ert&e*

• Solidpier

Pi & *Pi & *



Pier &ea*sPier &ea*s$ De%nition-:De%nition-:

A pier &ea* is a str)'t)re 'onstr)'te* at t&e tip o+A pier &ea* is a str)'t)re 'onstr)'te* at t&e tip o+

a (rea"#ater near t&e &ar(o)r entran'e.a (rea"#ater near t&e &ar(o)r entran'e.$ It &elps in *ear'ating 'learl t&e approa'&It &elps in *ear'ating 'learl t&e approa'&

'&annel.'&annel.

$ It prote'ts t&e (rea"#ater se'tion ie*iatelIt prote'ts t&e (rea"#ater se'tion ie*iatela*a'ent to it.a*a'ent to it.

$ It s&o)l* (e sel+-s)staine* an* properlIt s&o)l* (e sel+-s)staine* an* properlan'&ore*an'&ore*

$ It is e1pose* on t&ree si*es an* s)(e'te* toIt is e1pose* on t&ree si*es an* s)(e'te* to#orst +or'es#orst +or'es

$ Constr)'te* as an in*epen*ent onolit& #it&o)tConstr)'te* as an in*epen*ent onolit& #it&o)tan step or proe'tion at its (ase.an step or proe'tion at its (ase.

$ Provi*e a verti'al oint separating t&e pier &ea*Provi*e a verti'al oint separating t&e pier &ea*an* (rea"#ater.an* (rea"#ater.

$ It s&o)l* (e +)rnis&e* #it& lantern or lig&tIt s&o)l* (e +)rnis&e* #it& lantern or lig&t





Dolp&insDolp&ins

$ T&e are t&e arine str)'t)res lo'ate* T&e are t&e arine str)'t)res lo'ate*at t&e entran'e o+ t&e lo'"e* orat t&e entran'e o+ t&e lo'"e* oralongsi*e a pier or a #&ar+ alongsi*e a pier or a #&ar+

ses-:ses-:

i.i. to a(sor( t&e ipa't +or'e o+ t&e s&ipsto a(sor( t&e ipa't +or'e o+ t&e s&ips

ii.ii. to provi*e ooring +a'ilities i.e. +orto provi*e ooring +a'ilities i.e. +or

tping )p s&ipstping )p s&ipsiii.iii. t&e are also )se* to s&orten t&e lengt&t&e are also )se* to s&orten t&e lengt&

o+ piers an* #&arveso+ piers an* #&arves



Tpes-: Tpes-:

3.3. Breasting TpeBreasting Tpe

$ Provi*e* in +ront o t&e sea +a'e o+ t&e pier o+ #&ar+.Provi*e* in +ront o t&e sea +a'e o+ t&e pier o+ #&ar+.

$ Designe* to ta"e t&e ipa't o+ s&ip #&ile *o'"ingDesigne* to ta"e t&e ipa't o+ s&ip #&ile *o'"ingan* are e/)ippe* #it& +en*ersan* are e/)ippe* #it& +en*ers

$ Also &ave (ollar*s an* ooring postAlso &ave (ollar*s an* ooring post

$ 8ooring lines provi*e* ( (reasting *olp&ins are not8ooring lines provi*e* ( (reasting *olp&ins are nots)?'ient eno)g& to &ol* t&e vessel against ')rrentss)?'ient eno)g& to &ol* t&e vessel against ')rrentsa#a +ro t&e (ert&, ooring *olp&in are provi*e*a#a +ro t&e (ert&, ooring *olp&in are provi*e*

4.4. 8ooring tpe-:8ooring tpe-:$ Lo'ate* (e&in* t&e sea#ar* +or'e o+ t&e (ert&Lo'ate* (e&in* t&e sea#ar* +or'e o+ t&e (ert&

$ T&e are provi*e* #it& (ollar*s or ooring posts an* T&e are provi*e* #it& (ollar*s or ooring posts an*#it& 'apstans #&ere &eav lines are to (e &an*le*#it& 'apstans #&ere &eav lines are to (e &an*le*

$ ;aller t&an (reasting *olp&ins;aller t&an (reasting *olp&ins

$ le1i(le *olp&in are in t&e +or o+ #oo* pile 'l)stersle1i(le *olp&in are in t&e +or o+ #oo* pile 'l)sterso+ =, J, 3 et' piles #rappe* #it& t&e galvaniHe*o+ =, J, 3 et' piles #rappe* #it& t&e galvaniHe*'a(le'a(le

$ Central pile e1ten*s a(o)t 3 a(ove t&e ot&er pilesCentral pile e1ten*s a(o)t 3 a(ove t&e ot&er piles

$ T&e piles are arrange* setri'all an* on a slig&t T&e piles are arrange* setri'all an* on a slig&t

(atter(atter









en*ersen*ers$ A +en*er is a +or o+ a ')s&ion is provi*e* on aA +en*er is a +or o+ a ')s&ion is provi*e* on a

ett +a'e +or s&ips to 'oe in 'onta't ett +a'e +or s&ips to 'oe in 'onta't$ T&e +en*er 'an (e a*e o+ *iferent aterials in T&e +en*er 'an (e a*e o+ *iferent aterials invario)s +orsvario)s +ors

$ It a(sor(s t&e ipa't o+ s&ip an* prote't t&e +roIt a(sor(s t&e ipa't o+ s&ip an* prote't t&e +ro*aage*aage

$ Fo +en*ers are ne'essar +or gravit #&arvesFo +en*ers are ne'essar +or gravit #&arves@)alities o+ goo* +en*ers-:@)alities o+ goo* +en*ers-:

i.i. t&e s&o)l* &ave a &ig& 'apa'it +or a(sor(ingt&e s&o)l* &ave a &ig& 'apa'it +or a(sor(ingenergies *)ring (ert&ing o+ a s&ipenergies *)ring (ert&ing o+ a s&ip

ii.ii. t&e s&o)l* (e siple in *esign an* 'onstr)'tiont&e s&o)l* (e siple in *esign an* 'onstr)'tionan* easil repla'ea(lean* easil repla'ea(le

iii.iii. it )st (e a(le to resist tangential +or'esit )st (e a(le to resist tangential +or'esefe'tivelefe'tivel

iv.iv. t&e s&o)l* not (e easil *aage* *)ring (ert&ingt&e s&o)l* not (e easil *aage* *)ring (ert&ing

v.v. T&e s&o)l* not *aage s&ip>s &)ll T&e s&o)l* not *aage s&ip>s &)ll





T + + *Tpes o+ +en*ers



Tpes o+ +en*ers-: Tpes o+ +en*ers-:

3.3. <oo*en +en*er-<oo*en +en*er-

$ ;iplest +or o+ #oo*en +en*er are in t&e +or o+;iplest +or o+ #oo*en +en*er are in t&e +or o+&oriHontal #oo*en e(er&oriHontal #oo*en e(er

$ !erti'al #oo*en piles "no#n as &)ng +en*ers are!erti'al #oo*en piles "no#n as &)ng +en*ers are&)ng +ro t&e *e'" an* terinate* at #ater level&)ng +ro t&e *e'" an* terinate* at #ater level

$ T&e #oo*en +en*ers piles are pla'e* a#a +ro t&e T&e #oo*en +en*ers piles are pla'e* a#a +ro t&e*e'" on a slig&t (atter o+ a(o)t 3 in 4*e'" on a slig&t (atter o+ a(o)t 3 in 4

$ T&e a(sor( energ (e'a)se o+ *ee'tion #&en T&e a(sor( energ (e'a)se o+ *ee'tion #&enstr)'" ( a s&ipstr)'" ( a s&ip

4.4. R)((er +en*ers-R)((er +en*ers-

$ T&e siplest +or o+ r)((er +en*ers are r)((er tires T&e siplest +or o+ r)((er +en*ers are r)((er tires&)ng over t&e si*e o+ t&e *o'"&)ng over t&e si*e o+ t&e *o'"

$ Drape* r)((er +en*ers #ere originall )se* as t&eDrape* r)((er +en*ers #ere originall )se* as t&e&ollo# 'lin*ri'al tpe t&e +en*ers s&o)l* (e pre&ollo# 'lin*ri'al tpe t&e +en*ers s&o)l* (e pre

')rve* to t&e spe'i%e* ra*i)s')rve* to t&e spe'i%e* ra*i)s$ Drape* r)((er +en*ers are s)pporte* ( #ire ropeDrape* r)((er +en*ers are s)pporte* ( #ire rope

atta'&e* to ee (olt set in t&e 'on'rete *o'" #allatta'&e* to ee (olt set in t&e 'on'rete *o'" #all

$ A *rain &ole is provi*e* at t&e lo#est point o+ ea'&A *rain &ole is provi*e* at t&e lo#est point o+ ea'&')rve* +en*ers')rve* +en*ers









8ooring a''essories8ooring a''essories

$ Arrangeent s)'& as (o#, stern, spring an*Arrangeent s)'& as (o#, stern, spring an*(reast lines are ne'essaries to &ol* t&e s&ip(reast lines are ne'essaries to &ol* t&e s&ipstationar #it& t&e *o'"stationar #it& t&e *o'"

$ T&is is *one in or*er to loa* or )nloa* t&e 'argo T&is is *one in or*er to loa* or )nloa* t&e 'argoas #ell as passengeras #ell as passenger

$ 8ooring a''essories8ooring a''essories

Bollar*s-Bollar*s-

$ T&is is +astene* to single or *o)(le (ollar*s #&i'& T&is is +astene* to single or *o)(le (ollar*s #&i'&are lo'ate* along t&e +a'e o+ t&e *o'" 35 to 4J are lo'ate* along t&e +a'e o+ t&e *o'" 35 to 4J apart #it& t&e &elp o+ s&ip lines s)'& as (o#,apart #it& t&e &elp o+ s&ip lines s)'& as (o#,stern lines, spring an* (reast lines.stern lines, spring an* (reast lines.



C&o'"sC&o'"s



C&o'"s-C&o'"s-

$ pen or 'lose* '&o'"s are )se* +orpen or 'lose* '&o'"s are )se* +or

*ire'ting lines on to t&e 'orrest post*ire'ting lines on to t&e 'orrest post

avoi*ing t&e lines +ro r)((ingavoi*ing t&e lines +ro r)((ing

against s&arp e*gesagainst s&arp e*ges

C iC i t



Corner ooring post-Corner ooring post-

$ T&ese are lo'ate* at t&e o)t s&ore T&ese are lo'ate* at t&e o)t s&ore'orners o+ a pier or at t&e en*s o+ t&e'orners o+ a pier or at t&e en*s o+ t&e#&ar+ #&ar+

$ T&ese posts are *esigne* to ta"e T&ese posts are *esigne* to ta"egreater loa*s t&an t&at on (ollar*sgreater loa*s t&an t&at on (ollar*s

#&i'& is a(o)t 5 tones line p)ll#&i'& is a(o)t 5 tones line p)ll$ se* ainl to (ring t&e s&ip into t&ese* ainl to (ring t&e s&ip into t&e*o'" or to #rap it aro)n* t&e 'orner o+*o'" or to #rap it aro)n* t&e 'orner o+pier or *olp&inpier or *olp&in

Cl tCl t



Cleats-Cleats-

$ Cleats are )se* to tie sall vesselsCleats are )se* to tie sall vessels

s)'& as9 sall s&ips, t)gs an*s)'& as9 sall s&ips, t)gs an*#or"(oats#or"(oats

$ T&ese are )s)all spa'e* a(o)t 3 to T&ese are )s)all spa'e* a(o)t 3 to

3= apart along t&e +a'e o+ t&e3= apart along t&e +a'e o+ t&e

*o'".*o'".



Capstans-Capstans-

$ It &as a revolving 'lin*ri'al s)r+a'eIt &as a revolving 'lin*ri'al s)r+a'e

$ T&ese are )se* to #in* t&e s&ip>s T&ese are )se* to #in* t&e s&ip>s

line an* t&)s to p)ll t&e s&ip alongline an* t&)s to p)ll t&e s&ip along

t&e *o'"ing plat+or a+ter #&i'& t&et&e *o'"ing plat+or a+ter #&i'& t&e

lines are se')re* to t&e (ollar*slines are se')re* to t&e (ollar*s$ T&e a (e pne)ati'all or T&e a (e pne)ati'all or

ele'tri'all operate*ele'tri'all operate*





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Chapter - 5. Marine Structure