Chapter 5Macromolecules

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What is a Macromolecule?

Giant molecule

Consists of thousands of atoms

Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Polymer is a long molecule composed of similar or identical building blocks

Monomer Building block of a polymer

3 of the 4 macromolecules are polymers

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Macromolecule Function

Carbohydrate Energy & Structural Support

Lipid Energy storage & Membrane components

Nucleic Acids Genetics & Heredity

Proteins Structure, enzymes, transport, & defense

Macromolecules

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Carbohydrates Lipids

Nucleic Acids Proteins

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Let’s Build a Polymer

Polymerization is a result of dehydration synthesis rxns

Dehydration reaction Removal of water from

molecules Also called Condensation

reaction

Synthesis reaction Building a complex

molecule from simpler components

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Polymer Animation

05_02Polymers_A.swf

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Polymerization has many names

Polysaccharide Glycosidic linkage Monosaccharide + monosaccharide

Polypeptide Peptide bond Amino acid + amino acid

Polynucleotide ???? bond Nucelotide + nucleotide

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Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis

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Build up or Break Down

• Dehydration Synthesis• Builds a polymer from monomers (Synthesis)• Involves the removal of water (Dehydration or Condensation)

• Hydrolysis• Uses water to break the covalent linkages• Splits apart polymers• Reverse of dehydration synthesis

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Some Questions (Page 1)

1. What is a macromolecule?

2. Name all of the macromolecules.

3. Is there any difference between polymers and macromolecules? Why?

4. What is the relationship between monomer and polymer? Why?

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Some Questions (Page 2)

1. Which macromolecule is not a polymer? Why?

2. What bond type forms from dehydration synthesis? Why?

3. Peptide bonds & glycosidic linkages are what types of bonds? Why?

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Some Questions (Page 3)

4. What is the name of the type of reactions that break apart polymers? Why?

5. You eat a steak, a protein rich food, what type of reactions will begin to take place in the stomach? Why?

6. Do you need to drink water with that steak? Why?