Chapter 5

Interactions in Ecosystems5th Grade Science

What is an Ecosystem?

• ____________ - all living and non-living things in an area.

• An ecosystem is any place where _______ are found.

• ___________ - a group of organisms of one species that live in an area at the same time.Ex: a group of oak trees or an ant colony

Ecosystem

living

Population

Community

• __________ - made up of all of the populations in an area.– Members of a community depend on each other for

________, _________, and _____________.Non-living parts of an ecosystem include:

-_________________-_________________-_________________-__________________

Community

food shelter reproduction

airwatersoiltemperature

Ecosystem Interactions

• Living and non-living things _______ in an ecosystem.

• Living things ________ on non-living things for survival.

• Each part of an ecosystem has a ______, a job or function that they perform.

• The whole system works to meet the needs of all of the parts.

interact

depend

role

Populations in an Ecosystem

• ____________ can live and grow only where their needs can be met in the ecosystem.

• If the needs of the population are not met:– The number of members will get _________– Some members might ________ away– Some will not __________.

Populations

smaller

movesurvive

Biomes

• __________________ - located near the equator and are warm all year long.

• Tropical Rainforests have more _________ than all other ________.

• Tropical Rainforest Species:– _________– ____________– __________

Tropical Rainforest Biomes

speciesbiomes

KinkajouBasilisik Lizard

orchids

Deciduous Forest Biomes

• Grow in cooler places that do not have large amounts of ____.

• ____________ - lose their leaves - oaks, elms, maples.

• Populations fluctuate due to _______, _________, __________.

• Why do trees lose their leaves in the winter?• Why is overcrowding a problem in the forest?

rain

Deciduous Trees

diseases

overcrowding predators

Grassland Biomes

• ___________ - biomes covered with many types of grasses and few trees.

• ___________ grasses form ________ soils.• _______ amount of rain• Animals: _______, ________, _________ - eat

the grasses that the prairie provides.• ________ in the grasslands are wolves and

bison

grasslands

decaying fertile

small

bison antelope Prairie dogs

predators

Populations in the Grassland

• _________ when habitat changes - ______, ________, ________________

• ____________________ - grasslands changed into farmlands. Prairie dogs decreased in numbers because their food source was taken away and they had less space to roam.

• ___________ - lightly populated in Northern States

decrease climateenemies Water and food supply

Declining population of wolves

Gray wolves

Taiga Biome

• _________ biome that covers much of Canada and Russia in places that are cold and fairly dry.

• Most trees in the _____have needles – pines• Needles are _______ that conduct photosynthesis

and provide food for the tree.• Needles have a ______coating that prevent water loss• tree• Animals – bears, elk, moose and wolves – fur to keep

warm

forest

tiagaleaves

waxy

Desert Biomes

• ______ - areas that receive less than 25 centimeters of rain or snow each year.

• Desert plants have large _________ close to the surface that allow them quickly take up water from rain.

• Animals – sleep during the day and look for food at night to avoid the high temperatures

• Largest deserts are found in ______ and ____

desert

Root systems

Africa SW Asia

Tundra Biome

• _______ biome with little _______.• _____________ area of the world• ___________ include the amount of water,

food, and space or shelter that is availible to an organism.

• ______________ - the number of organisms that can live in a place

• ____________________ -short time of warm weather

cold rain

Most Northern

Limiting Factors

Carrying capacity

Limiting factor in the tundra

Water Ecosystems

1. ___________2. ___________3. ___________4. ___________Water ecosystems include animals that spend

much of their time on land.Plants and animals are _________ to live in this

environment.

rivers

Wetlands

Coral Reefs

The Deep Sea

adapted

Wetlands

• ________ - partly covered with water or is flooded at least part of the year.

• _________ wetland has many different types of grasses – ex. Everglades

• _________ - wetland with many trees and bushes.

• __________ - places where rivers flow into oceans.

Wetland

sawgrass

Swamp

Estuaries

Benefits of Wetlands

• _________ - plants, soils, and microorganisms• _________ - plants, soils, and microorganisms

clean the water • Provides _____ and ______ to many wetland

species.

filters

Cleaners

food shelter

Coral Reefs

• __________ grow in areas where there are not many nutrients – extra nutrients will help the enemies of coral to grow and harm the coral.

• Coral reefs _______ shore lines from ocean storms

• Coral reefs have provided ________• As corals grow and die, their ________ parts

pile up to make the reefs

Coral Reefs

protect

medicines

skeletal

The Deep Sea

• The deep sea is ____, ____, and has very high ______________.

• ________ cannot reach these depths – no plants grow.

• Animals bodies are _______ to live under the crushing pressure of the water.

cold dark

Water pressure

sunlight

adapted

Competition

• Organisms in an ecosystem compete over:– ________– ________– ________– ________– ________– An organisms that cannot compete may die or

move away to get its needs met.

space

waterlight

foodmates

Competition cont’d

• Animals of the same species may compete with each other and with organisms of other species for resources.

• Plants compete for resources such as _______, ________, _________, and ________.

• _____________ - may outcompete ________ species for resources

water space light

nutrients

Invasive species native

Symbiosis

• ___________ - a long term relationship between different species.

• In symbiosis, one of the species is always ________, the other species in the relationship is either _______, _________, or ____________.

• A symbiotic relationship where one species is harmed involves _______ - feed on other organisms - _______.

Symbiosis

helpedhelped harmed

Not affected

parasiteshost

Food chains and Food Webs

• Every organism needs _______ in order to live• Energy moves through an ecosystem in

___________, ___________, or ____________• __________ - organisms that make their own

food such as ________, __________, and other _____________.

• Producers get the energy that they need from the _______.

energy

Food chains Energy chains

Food websProducers

plants protistsmicroorganisms

sun

Consumers

• ___________ - organisms that cannot make their own food

• All ________ are consumers• ___________ - only eat plants• ___________ - predators, eat only other

animals called ______• __________ - eat plants and animals• ___________ - eat waste or dead organisms

consumers

animals

herbivores

carnivoresprey

omnivores

decomposers