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Chapter 5 - Consciousness
McGonigle
Psychology
Reminders
- Donate to Thanksgiving Food Drive
- Test on Thursday/Friday
- Game on the 24th vs. Connolly
- Mass on the 23rd / Half Day
- Winter Sports begin on the 28th
- Progress Reports on December 2nd!
Consciousness- Sensory Awareness
• Sights, sounds, smells (rain, teacher’s voice, pizza in the café, etc.)
• Selective attention- focusing on particular stimulus and blocking out any distractions.
• Unusual stimuli (’99) – Intense stimuli (ys)
Consciousness- Direct Inner Awareness
• Poolside, lakeside, oceanside- we are conscious of water before going in..
• Aware of emotions such as anger, of memories of friends, of abstract concepts such as fairness, justice, love, etc.
Consciousness as sense of self
• As we grow older, we are aware that we are unique individuals , separate from other people and surroundings.
• “Maevie likes playgrounds” – 3rd person
Levels of Consciousness
• Preconscious- What did you wear yesterday? Ideas are not in your awareness now, but you could recall them if you had to.
• You can direct your inner awareness, or attention to them.
Unconscious Level
• Information stored in unconscious/subconscious is unavailable to awareness under most circumstances.(hidden)
• Freud• Defense mechanisms- we use these mental
strategies to push painful memories out of our consciousness. This protects us from feelings of guilt, anxiety & shame.
Nonconscious level
• Basic Biological Functions:
• Fingernails growing
• Eyes adjusting to light
• Blinking
• Breathing- exchanging CO2 w/ O2
Altered States of Consciousness
• Sense of self or sense of the world changes
• Sleeping• Influence of Drugs• Meditation• Hypnosis
Circadian Rhythms
• Latin – “ About/around a day”
• Speaks to bodily changes throughout the day
• Body temp – lowest at 3 am – 5 am
• Late afternoon (4-6) – HC practice- low energy in circadian rhythm.
Stages of Sleep
• EEG – beta waves (short & quick) when awake, alpha waves when drowsy are longer and slower.
• Stage 1: Light sleep, brain waves slow from alpha waves to theta waves, dreamlike images. (powernap)
Stages of Sleep (Cont’d)
• Stage 1 : lasts 30-40 minutes.
• Stage 2: move into deep sleep.
• Stages 3-4: Sleep is deep & the brain produces delta waves- the slowest of the 4 patterns.
• Stage 4: Greatest difficulty waking up in this stage.
Levels of Sleep
• Half an hour of Stage 4 Sleep
• We return to stages 3,2, and 1 ( 90:00)
• Our heartbeat now rises + we go to REM sleep.
REM – “ not the band”
• Rapid Eye Movement – dream state
• Go through 5 stages of REM sleep
• Periods of REM get longer as night progresses
• NREM – Non – REM sleep
Why do we need Sleep?
• Physical – Helps to revive the tired body+ build up resistance to infection. Keeps the mind sharp.
• Psychologically- It helps us to recover from stress, we need more sleep w/ more stressors.
Gardner Experiment – w/out sleep
• Randy Gardner – stayed awake 11 days- (’64)
• Became irritable, could not focus eyes,memory lapses, & speech difficulties.
• Film – discusses image of a frog boiling as compared to chronic insomnia.
Dreams
• It is during REM sleep that we have the most vivid dreams.
• Can be black & white or color.
• REM dreams- clear images & plots that make sense.
• NREM dreams- plots are vaguer & images more fleeting.
Freudian View on Dreams
• Freud- Dreams reveal what you really want.
• Reveal one’s unconscious wishes, fears & urges.
• Some unconscious wishes are unacceptable , perhaps even painful.
• Those most likely would appear in dreams- sometimes as symbols.
Biopsychological Approach-Non Freudian
• During sleep- neurons fire in the brain that controls movement & vision.
• These neuron bursts are random & the brain tries to make sense of them.
• It does so by weaving a story – the dream.
Insomnia
• Inability to sleep – “insomnus”
• More likely to worry & have racing thoughts at bedtime.
• Increases during periods of anxiety & tension + decreases during less stressful periods.
Fighting Insomnia
• 1- Tense muscles one at a time- then let the tension go.
• 2- Avoid worrying in bed, if worrying persists, get up for a while.
• 3- Establish a routine, especially for getting up + going to bed.
• 4- Use pleasant images or daydreams to relax.
Narcolepsy
• Rare Sleep Disorder- one falls asleep immediately no matter what time it is or where they are.
• Muscles completely relax and they are in REM sleep.
• Drug therapy and frequent naps have been used to treat narcolepsy
Nightmares
• Like most other dreams, are products of REM sleep.
• Those keeping diaries generally state that they have 2 nightmares a month.
• Upsetting events can produce nightmares such as an earthquake or 911.
Night Terrors
• More severe than nightmares
• Dreamers- feel hearts racing & gasp for air.
• Unlike nightmares- memories of night terrors are rare.
• Mostly occur with young children.
Sleep Apnea
• Breathing interruption that occurs during sleep.
• Do not start breathing until they sit up and gasp for air.
• Do not wake up completely, not aware of what happened during the night.
• They often feel tired during the day.
Study Guide
• Consciousness• Preconscious• Unconscious/Sub• Nonconscious• Altered states of con.• Circadian Rhythms• EEG• Beta/alpha/theta/delta
waves
• Stage 1/2/3/4 sleep• REM sleep• NREM sleep• Gardner experiment• Dreams• Freudian view on
dreams• Biopsychological view• Sleep disorders