U N I T 4 C E L L S : T H E B A S I C T H E O R Y O F L I F E

CHAPTER 5: CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

SECTION 6.2: TYPES OF CELLS

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•  State the basic difference between eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells.

• Compare and contrast plant & animal cells.

• Vocabulary: prokaryotes, eukaryotes

CELL STRUCTURE

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•  continued advances in microscopes allowed observation of cell organelles and structure

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PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE

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PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE

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PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE

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•  2 types of cells •  prokaryote – single-celled organism whose cells do

not have a true nucleus (& lack membrane bound organelles)

•  bacteria & relatives, usually small & unicellular

•  eukaryote – organisms made up of cells that have a nucleus •  both unicellular & multicellular

PROKARYOTES VS. EUKARYOTE

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•  prokaryotes were 1st cells that evolved •  i.e. bacteria & blue green algae •  live in a wide variety of environments & very

abundant •  endosymbiosis - theory that eukaryotes evolved

from symbiotic relationship between various prokaryotes & developed into larger, more complex organisms

•  prokaryotes generally smaller & simpler than eukaryotes

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belong to Bacteria Kingdoms (bacteria & archaebacteria)

unicellular

no nucleus – no nuclear membrane or nucleoli

no membrane enclosed organelles (except

ribosomes)

DNA exists as a single, circular strand & is located in nucleoid

(area w/out a protective membrane)

surrounded by capsule

no cytoskeleton

belong to Fungi, Plant, Animal, & Protista Kingdoms

uni- or multicellular

have nucleus w/ nuclear membrane/envelope &

nucleoli

membrane enclosed organelles

DNA exists as many strands & is contained in a nucleus

cytoskeleton

may have cilia or flagella (vary in

composition)

can have cell wall (vary in complexity)

cell/plasma membrane

(vary)

cytoplasm

have chromosomes, which contains DNA

which contains genes

ribosomes which read genes to make

proteins

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made of peptidoglycans (protein-sugars) made of phospholipids

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CELLS: PLANT VS. ANIMAL

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cell wall made of cellulose

can absorb liquids

chloroplast

create food by photosynthesis

(autotroph)

have central vacuole

have plastids

usually boxy, square, or angular shapes

no cell wall

no cellulose so can’t absorb much liquid

can’t produce own food (heterotroph)

have lysosomes

have centrioles

have cilia

small vacuoles

usually spherical or free formed - can be

variety of shapes

similar in size

cell membrane

eukaryotic (nucleus)

DNA & nucleolus

ribosomes, mitochondria,

cytoskeleton, Golgi bodies,

endoplasmic reticulum

PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS

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PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS

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PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS

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PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS

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PLANT VS. ANIMAL CELLS

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