CHAPTER 5AD ASTRA PER ASPERAKansas Becomes a State

People to Know Black Kettle Cyrus K. Holliday John James Ingalls James Lane Abraham Lincoln

Julia Louisa Lovejoy

Sterling Price William C.

Quantrill Charles Robinson

Words to Understand Amend Armory Broadside Charter Guerrilla Inalienable Ordinance Reminiscence

Representative government

Revenue Secede Segregate Squatter Veto

Kansas Becomes the 34th State: Rough Start

January 29, 1861 Drought

Crops failed Drinking water shortage Kansas Relief Committee

Broadsides and flyers Financial Trouble

Establishing a State Government:Ad Astra Per Aspera

Ad Astra Per Aspera Latin “to the stars through difficulty.” John James Ingalls

Secretary to 1st KS Senate Wyandotte Constitutional Delegate State Seal

The State Constitution Bill of Rights

Considered inalienable Are Guaranteed “all political power in inherent in the people”

All have an important role in government All have a responsibility to participate

Can be amended (living document) Also different from U.S. Const.

Slavery (6yrs.) Women’s voting rights (61 yrs.)

The Rules of State Government Today

Federal, State, and county/city 3 Branches KS and U.S. government

Executive Legislative Judicial

Executive Branch Administer of laws passed by legislature Headed by Governor who serves a limited

term Max two, four year terms

Includes Lieutenant Governor, Secretary of State, Attorney General, and State Treasurer as well as other agency directors

Governor can approve or veto bills Collects Taxes (Revenue)

Legislative Branch Make laws (legislature) Two chambers: House of Representatives

and Senate A bill must pass both chambers to be written

into law. Senate has 40 members; they serve four

year terms House of Representatives has 125 members;

they serve 2 year terms 2/3 vote to over turn an Executive Veto

Judicial Branch Interpret laws and settle disputes between

people Hear criminal cases where the state brings

charges against a person Hear civil cases between two parties

Money Property rights

Juries are very important to the court system State Supreme Court has 7 justices

appointed by the governor

Kansas and the Civil War:James Lane’s Frontier Guard

KS Senator Helped to defend D.C.

Threat of Secession Fort Sumter Maryland and Virginia

Speeches 100 Men

Protected Lincoln East Room Union Troops returned

Kansans at War:African American Soldiers

30,000 men between 18-45 20,000 enlisted Not all from KS Nearly 8,500 died Highest death rate of any state in Union

African Americans Start: not allowed in military Year 3: equal pay 185,000 men volunteered 38,000 died

Kansans at War:African American Soldiers Cont.

African Americans KS 1st to enlist the men James Lane recruited them 1st Kansas Colored Infantry

1st reg. to engage in battle 225 vs. 500 1st to fight along side white soldiers Battle of Honey Springs

The Civil War Comes to Kansas:Quantrill’s Raid on Lawrence

Guerrilla tactics (KS and MO) Quantrill’s Raid

Lawrence Aug. 21, 1863 William C. Quantrill

Confederate guerrilla 400 men attack at 5:00am Shot every man they saw and windows White new recruits African American new recruits Determined to burn down Lawrence Killed 140 Men and boys 1 Confederate

Battle of Mine Creek “Order No. 11”

Cleared all settlers out of four western MO counties Prevent more raids Site of Battle for Mine Creek

General Sterling Price Confederate Ordered to take MO, and if needed retreat

through KS taking supplies

Battle of Mine Creek Cont. Was forced to retreat

Supplies slowed retreat Union Caught up 2,500 Union vs. 7,000 Confederates

Union won in less than an hour Abandoned/destroyed supplies and fled.

Women and the Civil War No military service

Organized relief efforts Made blankets and uniforms Raised money Year 2 of civil war

United States Sanitary Commission Recruited nurses Donated supplies

Food Medicines bandages

Frontier Forts in Kansas:The Forts and the Trails

Frontier Forts Keep peace as settlers go west Mostly Protected Americans, not Indians

Santa Fe Trail 1821 Trade between U.S. and Mexico Invaded some Indian hunting grounds Military sent to protect the trade route

Frontier Forts in Kansas:The Forts and the Trails Cont.

Fort Leavenworth Oldest active army post west of Mississippi

River NE KS To far away to protect wagon trains

So Fort Larned was established Better position to protect Oregon trail

The Forts and Indian Relocation Indians were moved to KS

Duties at Fort Leavenworth changed Protected Indian lands from settlers Kept peace among Indian tribes

Fort Scott established to help

The Army and Manifest Destiny Manifest Destiny = Armies role changes

Invading force Conquer more land + need for supplies =

More Forts Fort Riley established

The Civil War and the Frontier Forts Soldiers stationed at the forts left

Forts manned by volunteers Felt less obligation to Fed. Gov’t More aggressive toward American Indians.

Americans that lived on Indian lands were called squatters. (Little House on the Prairie)

Tensions Increase: Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties U.S. wanted Peace

Reservations Indians completely dependant on Americans Not what the Indians wanted

U.S. and 5,000 Indians met at Medicine Lodge Satanta

Kiowa Chief Asked why they should trust the government Called building of homes “nonsense”

U.S. Promises Protection Schools Farming tools Food

Opened the area for American settlement and railroad

Tensions Increase: Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties Cont.

Treaty did not bring peace Some tribes went to reservations some

did not Treaties and promises were broken Fighting continues.