Chapter 5

Vertebrates

• Vertebrates are animals with an endoskeleton• Vertebrates have muscle, digestive,

respiratory, circulatory, and nervous systems, and sensory organs

Fish

1) Have gills that pull oxygen out of water2) Have swim bladder3) Have sensory organs (lateral line)

Jawless Fish

1) Slender tube-like shape2) No jaws but have teeth3) Digestive system with no stomach

Cartilaginous Fish

1) Skeleton made of cartilage2) Includes sharks3) Include rays and skates

Bony Fish

1) Skeleton made of hard bone2) Most have scales3) Have jaws and teeth and several pairs of fins

Amphibians

1) Live some of life in water and some on land2) Lay eggs in water3) Obtain oxygen through smooth, moist skin

(some have lungs)

Reptiles

1) Have tough dry skin covered with scales2) Have lungs and sensory organs adapted for

land3) Lay eggs with shells on land

Birds

1) Have feathers and hollow bones for flying2) Have pair of scaly legs and a pair of wings

and a beak3) Hard shelled eggs need to be kept at a

constant temperature

Mammals

1) Have hair during part of its life2) Most have specialized teeth3) Produce milk to feed young

Definitions

Ectotherm – body temperatures change with environmental conditions (cold blooded)

Endotherm – maintains constant body temperature warm blooded

Gestation – time a mammal is developing in mother