Chapter 5

CHAPTER 5

Technology, Digital Media, and Curriculum Integration

Chapter Objectives• Name and define the elements of digital media• Define and explain curriculum standards and learning

benchmarks• Explain technology integration, also called curriculum integration• Describe the use of computers in computer labs and media

centers versus classroom instruction• Identify ways in which technology can positively influence learning• Identify ways to plan for technology integration• Explain various planning tools and instructional models• Describe the steps of the ASSURE Model• Identify ways to get started using technology at a new school• Describe the use of learning centers and interactive whiteboard

Chapter 5: Technology, Digital Media, and Curriculum Integration 2

What Is Digital Media• Digital media is defined as those technologies that allow

users to create new forms of interaction, expression, communication, and entertainment in a digital format

• Digital media software refers to any computer-based presentation or application software that uses multimedia elements

• Interactive digital media allows users to move through information at their own pace


What Is Digital Media• With many digital media applications, you navigate

through the content by clicking or tapping links such as;• Text• Graphics• Animation

• Audio and video are common components of digital media


What Is Digital Media


Why Are Digital Media Applications Important for Education?• Digital media applications (including apps for mobile

devices) are changing the traditional dynamics of learning in classrooms• Improve teaching and learning• Highly effective teaching tools• Appeals to a variety of learning styles• Increased retention• Students are motivated


Ten Strategies to Help You Manage Today’s Digital Students in Your 21st Century Classroom.

• Effective Computer Scheduling — Break projects into well-defined tasks, not huge projects so students can use lab or computer time wisely.

• Use Project Management Techniques — Discuss with your students the amount of time their project will involve. Give points/grade for productive lab time.

• Storyboarding — Have your students create a visual plan before going to the computers.

• Effective Research Strategies — Assign searching and investigations as homework since this can erode valuable computer lab time.

• Utilize Student Experts — Train classmates to assist others on the computer(s).

Ten Strategies to Help You Manage Today’s Digital Students in Your 21st Century Classroom.

• Ensure Student Participation — Assign individual and group projects so all types of knowledge are evaluated and all students participate.

• Maximize One-to-One Computing — Use e-books, iPods, Zunes, netbooks, tablets, smartphones, etc.

• Help Students — Use color flags or cups on the computers (green = I am okay, yellow = help needed, red = urgent matter).

• Handle Technical Questions — Have students ask two students their question before they can ask you.

• Visible Classroom Rules — Post a list of all your procedures and guidelines for technology use in a visible place.

What is Curriculum?• The knowledge, skills, and performance standards

students are expected to acquire in particular grade levels• Plan or written document• The Common Core State Standards Initiative is a national

effort to create state standards that provide a well-defined, reliable framework to prepare students for their future endeavors.

• All states and districts are incorporating Performance Guides, also called Performance Standards, Expectations, or Indicators into their curriculum, which provide clear expectations for instruction, assessment, and student work

What is Curriculum?• Curriculum Standards and Benchmarks

• Curriculum standard• Defines what a student is expected to know at certain stages of

education

• Benchmark• Specific, measurable outcome• Also called a learning objective or learning expectation

• State of Illinois Board of Education Learning Standards http://www.isbe.net/ils/default.htm


http://www.isbe.net/ils/default.htm

What is Technology Integration?• Combining of all technology parts, such as hardware and

software, together with each subject-related area of curriculum to enhance learning

• Establish connections between subject matter and the real world

• A critical issue related to technology integration is • technology should not drive the curriculum. • Rather the curriculum, , should drive the technology• that is, teachers should use the appropriate technologies to

enhance learning at the appropriate times and to teach to the standards

What is Technology Integration?• Classroom Integration versus Computer Labs and Media

Centers• Point of instruction

• Technology in the classroom at the teachers’ and students’ fingertips

• Teachable moments

• Computer labs• A designated classroom filled with computers• Teachers schedule time to use the labs for many purposes

Integrating Technology into the Curriculum

• First, you must consider what the standards and related learning objectives are

• Then you must identify an appropriate technology tool that will help you accomplish your instructional goals.

• Technology can motivate students and increase class attendance

• Develop innovative ways to teach a diverse population of learners with different learning styles


Changing Instructional Strategies

• Teachers are shifting from being the dispenser of knowledge to being the facilitator of learning• Students can accomplish learning with the teachers’ assistance• Learning is not just storage of knowledge, but includes problem solving

• Welliver’s Instructional Transformation Model• Familiarization — Teachers become aware of technology and its potential

uses.• Utilization — Teachers use technology but minor problems will cause them to

discontinue its use.• Integration — Technology becomes essential for the educational process and

teachers are constantly thinking of ways to use technology in their classrooms.

• Reorientation — Teachers begin to rethink the educational goals of the classroom with the use of technology.

• Revolution — The evolving classroom becomes completely integrated with technology in all subject areas. Technology becomes an invisible tool that is seamlessly woven into the teaching and learning process.


Barriers to Technology Integration

• Lack of teacher training• Security constraints• Lack of administration support• Limited time for teacher planning• Placement of computers in remote locations• Budget constraints• Lack of high-speed school networks• Basic resistance to change


Technology Integration and the Learning Process

• The Learning Process• Authentic learning

• Instructional activities that demonstrate real-life connections by associating the concept being taught with a real-life experience or event

• Participatory learning• Students become engaged in inquiring, investigating, reflecting, solving

problems, and formulating and answering questions

• Anchored instruction• Providing a knowledge base on which students can build

• Problem-based instruction• Students use the background (anchor) information to solve complex

problems

• Discovery learning• Inquiry-based method for teaching and learning


• Numerous technology tools to support many types of instruction and learning;• Applications that provide working visual models allow students to

see and experience clearly things they could never experience by only reading a textbook.

• Applications such as these also allow students to build a cognitive • scaffold, which is a mental bridge for building an understanding of

complicated concepts• The Web

• Educational equalizer• Allows children to experience new educational opportunities• Interaction with others outside of the school


• Numerous technology tools to support many types of instruction and learning;• Cooperative learning

• Students work in groups to achieve related learning objectives• Higher-order thinking skills• Cooperative classroom

• Higher order thinking skills are the abilities to solve problems, engage in critical thinking, and interpret and solve complex issues

Strategies for Teaching with Technology

• Best strategy is to put the technology in the hands of trained teachers

• Provide consistent application of technology tools to support instructional curriculum area

• Careful planning


The Role of the School District• Technology plan

• Outline of procedure for purchasing and maintaining equipment and software

• Training• Plans often reviewed every couple of years

Mentorship program• Teaming new teachers with experienced teachers


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• Decide on most appropriate technology to achieve desired

learner outcomes• Preparing the classroom environment


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• One-Computer Classroom

• Maximize effectiveness of one computer• Record keeping• Projection screens• Interactive whiteboard• Used to introduce topics before taking students to a computer lab


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• Two-Computer Classroom

• Develop a strategy to manage both computers• Many questions determine strategy

• Will both computers have the same hardware, software, and network access?

• Will one or both computers be connected to the Web?• Will students rotate through using one or both computers on a

daily basis?• How much time will each student be allowed on each computer?• Is it better to have the students work together on projects?• How are you going to observe your students using the Internet?• How will you evaluate student learning?


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• More Than Two Computers

• Arrange classroom into learning centers• Use planning criteria mentioned previously


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• Using a Computer Lab and the Media Center

• Advantages• One computer per student• Hands-on• Tutorials• Remediation• Cooperative learning• Computer skill instruction• Digital production projects• Internet research• Whole class instruction• Integrated learning systems (ILS)


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• Using a Computer Lab and the Media Center

• Strategies for computer lab or media center use • Work with the computer lab or the media center teacher; you will need

his or her help and expertise. • Teach the lesson yourself or encourage the curriculum resource teacher

to teach with you. • Set up clear lab management rules. • Provide well-thought-out lessons, with clear instructions. • Make sure to use the available software, Internet, and other

technologies to support your curriculum and • follow your school’s Acceptable Use Policies (AUP). • Always, always have a backup plan for unexpected technology

problems. • Alternate between whole-group, small-group, and individual instruction

and assignments.


Planning for Technology Integration in the Classroom• Using A Wireless Mobile Lab

• Portable cart with wireless notebook computers• Can be transported from one classroom to another

Planning Lessons with Technology

• Must consider skill levels of students• Skill assessment survey

• KWL Charts• Instructional planning chart to assist teachers in identifying student

understanding of curriculum standards and related objectives• What students Know• What students Want to know• What they will Learn


Instructional Models• A systematic guide for planning instruction or a lesson• The ASSURE Model

• Guide for planning and delivering instruction that integrates technologies and media into the teaching process

• Analyze the Learner• • Who are the learners?• • What are their skill levels?• • What are their learning styles?

• State Objectives• • What do you want the learners to gain knowledge of?• • What are the specific learner outcomes?


Instructional Models• The ASSURE Model

• Select Methods, Media, and Materials• • What methods of instruction will you use?• • Which media are appropriate?• • Which materials will you need?

• Utilize Methods, Media, and Materials• • How will you use the methods and media?• • How will you use the materials?• • What is your instructional strategy?


Instructional Models• The ASSURE Model

• Require Learner Participation• • What will the learners be required to do?• • How will the learners engage in participatory learning?

• Evaluate and Revise• • Did the lesson meet the objectives? • • How will you evaluate content and technologies used?• • How will you revise and improve?


Instructional Models• Critical Questions to Ask During the Evaluate and Revise

Phase of the ASSURE Model• •Did students learn what you wanted them to learn?• •Can students demonstrate understanding of the content?• •Was the chosen technology effective in achieving the learning

objectives?• •Were the learning objectives met using the technology?• •Would these learning objectives be better taught without technology or

with another technology?• •Should learning objectives be taught in a different format?• •Can students work cooperatively with a partner on this lesson?• •Would parts of the content be better understood if students worked

individually?• •What would you change?• •What would you keep the same?• • How will you revise this lesson?


Creating and Integrating Digital Media Presentations• Many options are available for you and your students to

use digital media authoring software and to present digital media presentations• Digital media authoring software, also called multimedia authoring

software, lets you create the application or presentation by controlling the placement of text and graphics and the duration of sounds, video, and animations• Microsoft PowerPoint• Apple Keynote• iLife

• Data projectors• Most new schools and retrofitted schools include installed digital

data projectors in the ceilings of their classrooms, labs, and media centers


Creating and Integrating Digital Media Presentations• Interactive whiteboards

• A popular teaching tool with educators is the interactive whiteboard (IWB), also called an electronic whiteboard, which turns a computer and data projector into a powerful tool for teaching and learning• SMART Board

• Student interaction• Provide opportunities for student interaction with these

technologies on a regular basis• IWB software


Getting Started at a New School• Information About Technology

• Find out who else in the school uses technology• Determine if there is a technology committee

• Teacher’s manual

• Determine where to get technology support

• Technology Training• Does the school offer professional development or in-service

training• Talk to your principal, curriculum resource teacher, other teachers,

or district technology coordinato


Getting Started at a New School• Hardware

• Determine how to obtain additional hardware or upgrades• Join the technology committee• Educational grants

• Software• Determine what type of software is available• Check the classroom to see what is already installed• Special education requirements• Procedure for obtaining additional software• Is a state bid list available?


Getting Started at a New School• Other Technologies

• Media specialist can provide access to other technologies• Find a list of materials in use throughout the district

• Technology Supplies• Determine procedure for obtaining additional supplies and parts


Documents

Chapter 5