Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System. Figure 45.1 An anise swallowtail butterfly emerging from its chrysalis. Pathway. Example. Pathway. Example. Example. Pathway. Low blood glucose. Hypothalamic neurohormone released in response to neural and hormonal signals. Stimulus. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 45:
Hormones and theEndocrine System
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 45.1 An anise swallowtail butterfly emerging from its chrysalis
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 45.2 Basic patterns of simple hormonal control pathways
Pathway Example
Stimulus Low bloodglucose
Receptorprotein
Pancreassecretesglucagon ( )
Endocrinecell Blood
vessel
LiverTarget
effectors
Response
Pathway Example
Stimulus Suckling
Sensoryneuron
Hypothalamus/posterior pituitary
Neurosecretorycell
Bloodvessel
Posterior pituitarysecretes oxytocin( )
Targeteffectors
Smooth musclein breast
Response Milk release
Pathway Example
Stimulus Hypothalamicneurohormonereleased inresponse toneural andhormonalsignals
Sensoryneuron
Hypothalamussecretes prolactin-releasinghormone ( )
Neurosecretorycell
Bloodvessel
Anteriorpituitarysecretesprolactin ( )Endocrine
cell
Bloodvessel
Targeteffectors
Response
Mammary glands
Milk production
(c) Simple neuroendocrine pathway
(b) Simple neurohormone pathway
(a) Simple endocrine pathway
Hypothalamus
Glycogenbreakdown,glucose releaseinto blood
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 45.3 Mechanisms of hormonal signaling: a review
SECRETORYCELL
Hormonemolecule
VIABLOOD
Signal receptor
TARGETCELL
Signaltransductionpathway
Cytoplasmicresponse
Nuclearresponse
NUCLEUS
DNA
OR
SECRETORYCELL
Hormonemolecule
VIABLOOD
TARGETCELL
Signalreceptor
Signaltransductionand response
DNA
mRNA
NUCLEUS
Synthesis ofspecific proteins
(a) Receptor in plasma membrane (b) Receptor in cell nucleus
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 45.4 One chemical signal, different effects
Different receptors different cell responses
Epinephrine
receptor
Epinephrine
receptor
Epinephrine
receptor
Vesselconstricts
Vesseldilates Glycogen
breaks downand glucose is releasedfrom cell
Intestinal blood vessel
(a) Skeletal muscle blood vessel
(b) Liver cell(c)
Different intracellular proteins different cell responses
Glycogendeposits
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 45.1 Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 45.1
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 45.6 Human endocrine glands surveyed in this chapter
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid glandParathyroid glands
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovary(female)
Testis(male)
