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CHAPTER 42: ANTITRUST LAW
Learning Objectives:• Introduction to Antitrust Law• Monopolization Under the Sherman Act• Restraints of Trade –
Sherman Act Clayton, Robinson-Patman Acts
• International Applications
Chapter 42 2
CHAPTER 42: ANTITRUST LAW
1. Need for Government Regulation of the Marketplace
2. Principal Legislation:a. Sherman Act
b. Clayton Act
c. Federal Trade Commission Act
d. Robinson-Patman Act
Chapter 42 3
INTRODUCTION TO ANTITRUST LAW
3. Basic Principlesa. Jurisdiction
b. Exemptions
4. Enforcementa. Criminal
b. Civil
c. Private Right of Actioni. Treble damages plus fees
ii. “Tangible injury” RequirementChapter 42 4
INTRODUCTION TO ANTITRUST LAW
1. Nature of a Monopolya. Section 2 of the Sherman Act
b. Monopoly Power
c. Factors:i. Relevant Product or Service
ii. Market Share
iii. Intent
Chapter 42 5
MONOPOLIZATION
2. Monopoly: Share of Market
3. Relevant Marketa. Appropriate Product or Service
b. Geographic Area
4. Intenta. Nature
b. “Thrust Upon” Defense
5. Attempting to MonopolizeChapter 42 6
MONOPOLIZATION
1. Basic Provisionsa. Concerted Action
b. Sherman Act, Section 1: “contract, conspiracy, or combination”
c. “Unreasonable Restraint of Trade”i. Per se violation: conclusive
ii. Rule of reason violation: case-by-case analysis
Chapter 42 7
RESTRAINTS OF TRADE
1. Basic Provisions …d. Horizontal Restraints
i. Horizontal Price-Fixingii. Horizontal Division of the Marketsiii. Horizontal Group Boycotts
e. Vertical Restraintsi. Vertical Price-Fixingii. Vertical Division of the Marketsiii. Vertical Group Boycotts
Chapter 42 8
RESTRAINTS OF TRADE
2. Advanced Provisionsa. Clayton Act: Exclusionary Contracts
i. Tying Arrangements
ii. Exclusive Dealing Arrangements
b. Clayton Act: Mergersi. Horizontal Merger
ii. Vertical Merger
iii. Conglomerate Merger
Chapter 42 9
RESTRAINTS OF TRADE
2. Advanced Provisions
…c. Price Discrimination
a. Role of the Robinson-Patman Act
b. Types of Price Discrimination
c. Defenses:i. Cost Justification
ii. Meeting Competition
Chapter 42 10
RESTRAINTS OF TRADE
1. Reach of United States Law
2. Reach of Foreign Laws
Chapter 42 11
INTERNATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
CHAPTER 42: ANTITRUST LAW