Chapter 4Chapter 4

Understanding Understanding Nonverbal Nonverbal MessagesMessages

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Communication PrinciplesCommunication Principles

Be aware of your

communication

Appropriately

adapt yourmessage to

others

Effectively use and interpret

verbalmessages

Listen and respond

thoughtfully to others

Effectively use and interpret nonverbalmessages

Understanding Nonverbal Understanding Nonverbal MessagesMessages

Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?

The Nature of Nonverbal CommunicationThe Nature of Nonverbal Communication

Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCodes of Nonverbal Communication

How to Interpret Nonverbal Cues More How to Interpret Nonverbal Cues More AccuratelyAccurately

Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal Communication DefinedDefined

Communication other than written or spoken Communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someonelanguage that creates meaning for someone

sign language is one exception to this sign language is one exception to this definitiondefinition

Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?

Nonverbal Messages Nonverbal Messages Communicate Feelings Communicate Feelings and Attitudesand Attitudes

most significant source most significant source of emotional of emotional information is the face information is the face (Albert Mehrabian)(Albert Mehrabian)

vocal cuesvocal cues

approximately 93% of approximately 93% of emotional meaning is emotional meaning is communicated communicated nonverballynonverbally

Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?Why Focus on Nonverbal Communication?

Nonverbal Messages Are Nonverbal Messages Are Critical to Successful Critical to Successful RelationshipsRelationships

Nonverbal Messages Nonverbal Messages Serve Various Functions Serve Various Functions for Verbal Messagesfor Verbal Messages

substitutesubstitute complementcomplement contradictcontradict repeatrepeat regulateregulate accentaccent

The Nature of Nonverbal The Nature of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication

Culture-BoundCulture-Bound

Rule-GovernedRule-Governed

AmbiguousAmbiguous

perception checkingperception checking

ContinuousContinuous

Non-LinguisticNon-Linguistic

MultichanneledMultichanneled

Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCodes of Nonverbal Communication

AppearanceAppearance ArtifactsArtifacts

VS.VS.

Would You Invest?

Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCodes of Nonverbal Communication

Body Movement, Gestures, and PostureBody Movement, Gestures, and Posture Kinesics Kinesics refers to the study of human refers to the study of human

movements, gestures, and posturemovements, gestures, and posture

emblemsemblems illustratorsillustratorsaffect displaysaffect displays regulatorsregulatorsadaptorsadaptors

Codes of Nonverbal Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication

Kinesics ResearchKinesics Research quasi-courtship quasi-courtship

behaviorbehavior–nonverbal –nonverbal actions we consciously actions we consciously and unconsciously and unconsciously exhibit when we are exhibit when we are attracted to someoneattracted to someone courtship readinesscourtship readiness preeningpreening positional cuespositional cues appeals to invitationappeals to invitation

Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCodes of Nonverbal Communication

Eye ContactEye Contact

Facial ExpressionsFacial Expressions

Touch (Haptics)Touch (Haptics)

touch ethictouch ethic

The VoiceThe Voice

paralanguageparalanguage or or vocalicsvocalics

back-channel cuesback-channel cues

response latenciesresponse latencies

Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCodes of Nonverbal Communication

Environment, Space, and TerritoryEnvironment, Space, and Territory

physical environmentphysical environment

space (space (proxemicsproxemics))

intimate spaceintimate space personal spacepersonal space social spacesocial space public spacepublic space

Edwin T. Hall’s Zones of SpaceEdwin T. Hall’s Zones of Space

Personal

Social

Public

Intimate

Codes of Nonverbal Codes of Nonverbal CommunicationCommunication

TerritoryTerritory

TerritorialityTerritoriality

territorial markersterritorial markers

How to Interpret Nonverbal CuesHow to Interpret Nonverbal Cues

Immediacy CuesImmediacy Cues

Proximity:Proximity: Close, forward leanClose, forward lean

Body Orientation:Body Orientation: Direct, could be side-by-sideDirect, could be side-by-side

Eye Contact:Eye Contact: Eye contact and mutual eye contactEye contact and mutual eye contact

Facial Expression:Facial Expression: SmilingSmiling

Gestures:Gestures: Head nods, movementHead nods, movement

Posture:Posture: Open and relaxed, arms orientedOpen and relaxed, arms orientedtoward otherstoward others

Touch:Touch: Cultural-and context-appropriateCultural-and context-appropriate

Voice:Voice: Higher pitch, upward pitchHigher pitch, upward pitch

How to Interpret Nonverbal CuesHow to Interpret Nonverbal Cues

ImmediacyImmediacy

Arousal

Dominance