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Transformational and Transformational and Charismatic Leadership Charismatic Leadership Chapter 4 Chapter 4

Chapter 4 Transformational and Charismatic Leadership

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  • Transformational and Charismatic LeadershipChapter 4

  • When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures of logic. We are dealing with creatures of emotion, creatures bustling with prejudices and motivated by pride and vanity.Dale Carnegie

  • Transactional Leadership Transactional Traditional leadershipLower level of leadershipAssists with organizational stability

  • Transformational LeadershipTransformational LeadershipChange agentInspire change and innovationPotent and Complex

  • Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Self Actualization

    Self Esteem

    Belonging and Love Needs

    Safety Needs

    Physiological Needs

  • Dimensions of Transactional LeadershipTransactional Leadership FactorsContingent reward: Provide rewards for effortRecognize good performanceManagement by exception:Maintain status quoIntervene when subordinates do not meet acceptable performance levelsInitiate corrective action to improve performance

  • Dimensions of Transformational LeadershipCharisma:Provide a vision and a sense of missionInspire and build trust and respectIndividualized consideration:Exhibit considerate and supportive behavior directed toward each individual subordinate; coach and adviseInspiration:Communicate high expectationsUse symbols to focus efforts and enhance understanding of goalsIntellectual Stimulation:Promote innovative ways of viewing situationsStimulate intelligent problem solving and decision making

  • Primary Characteristics of Transformational LeadersCreativeInteractiveVisionaryEmpoweringPassionate

  • CreativeSeek out new ideas, products and ways of performing tasksCannot be content with things remaining the same

  • CreativityCapacity to create and manipulate symbols (chemical formulas, sentences, drawings)Referred to as divergent or lateral thinkingRefined through vertical thinking

  • Wallas Steps to Problem SolvingPreparationIncubationIlluminationVerification

  • Characteristics of the CreativeHard working and perseveringIndependent thinkersComfortable with complexity and ambiguity

  • Adams Creative BlocksPerceptual BlocksEmotional BlocksCultural and Environmental BlocksIntellectual and Expressive Blocks

  • InteractiveGreat CommunicatorsJFKRonald Reagan

    Involvement with followersManagement by Wandering AroundRegular Meetings

  • VisionaryCommunicating the VisionNanus Characteristics of Effective VisionsAttracts commitment and energizes peopleCreates meaning for followersEstablishes a standard of excellenceBridges the present and the future

  • Vision StatementsTransformational leaders behaviorVision statement vs mission statementSpecific yet provide guidanceGuides actions of members

  • EmpoweringNeed capable followersDelegating decision makingIncreasing individual autonomy

  • 5 Key Dimensions of TrustCompetenceOpenness and HonestyConcern for EmployeesReliabilityIdentification

  • PassionateCommitted to workChang says most important competitive advantage

  • Charismatic LeadershipPerspectives on Charismatic LeadershipSociological ApproachPsychoanalytical ApproachPolitical ApproachBehavioral ApproachAttribution ApproachCommunication Approach

  • Sociological ApproachMax WeberCharisma in Greek means giftFive key componentsA leader with extraordinary vision, almost magical, talentsAn unstable or crisis situationA radical vision for providing a solution to the crisisA group of followers attracted to the extraordinary leader because they believe they are linked through the leader to powers that exceed usual limits.A validation, through repeated success, of the extraordinary leaders talents and power.

  • Psychoanalytic ApproachZaleznikManagers different from leadersLeaders bring about change, take risks and arouse emotionsFreudIntense follower identification is explained by:RegressionTransferenceProjection

  • Political ApproachNot always in agreement on who is charismaticSchweitzer says there are different types:GiantsLuminariesFailuresAspirants

  • Political ApproachWillner looks at charisma on the basis of the leader-follower relationship:Attribute divine or semi-divine qualities to their leadersBelieve that their leaders have supernatural abilitiesOffer absolute devotion and obedienceAre loyal

  • Behavioral ApproachUse a set of behaviors to define itCompare those that are charismatic with those who are notHouse and Bass Propositions:Leader BehaviorsLeader-Follower relationsElements of the charismatic situation

  • Attribution ApproachConger and Kanungo look at charisma from the perceptions of the followers:Possess a vision that is unique, yet attainableAct in an unconventional mannerDemonstrate personal commitment and risk takingDemonstrate confidence and expertiseDemonstrate personal power

  • Communication ApproachAuthors say communication is the most important elementCharismatic Leaders excel in all three functions of communicationRelationship buildersAs VisionariesAs Influence Agents

  • Dark Side of CharismaEthical Charismatic LeaderUses power to serve othersAligns vision with followers needs and aspirationsConsiders and learns from criticism.Encourages followers to question leaders viewCoaches, develops and supports followers Relies on internal moral standards

    Unethical Charismatic LeaderUses power only for personal gainPromotes personal visionCensures critical or opposing viewsDemands own decisions accepted without questionInsensitive to followers needsRelies on convenient external moral standards

  • Significant Abuses Contributing to Leadership FailureFailure of visionMisarticulation of goalsPoor management practices