Chapter 4 The Bill of Rights. 1 st Amendment Freedom of Religion: Government can’t create an official United States religion Government can’t create an

Chapter 4Chapter 4The Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights

11stst Amendment AmendmentFreedom of Religion:Freedom of Religion: Government can’t Government can’t

create an official create an official United States religionUnited States religion

We may practice any We may practice any religion we wantreligion we want

Government can’t Government can’t favor one religion favor one religion over anotherover another

11stst Amendment Amendment

Limitations to the freedom of religion:Limitations to the freedom of religion: May not break other laws while May not break other laws while

claiming to practice your religionclaiming to practice your religion You may not discriminate against You may not discriminate against

others while practicing your religionothers while practicing your religion


Freedom of Speech:Freedom of Speech: Face-to-face conversations, telephone, Face-to-face conversations, telephone,

lectures, radio, and TV are all protected lectures, radio, and TV are all protected forms of speechforms of speech

Extends to freedom of expression as well ex: Extends to freedom of expression as well ex: internet, art, music, and clothinginternet, art, music, and clothing


Limitations to freedom of speech:Limitations to freedom of speech: Can’t endanger others or the Can’t endanger others or the

government with your speechgovernment with your speech May not provoke riots or crimes or May not provoke riots or crimes or

encourage others to commit crimes encourage others to commit crimes or overthrow the governmentor overthrow the government

May not tell lies that harm other May not tell lies that harm other peoples reputations (slander) peoples reputations (slander)


Freedom of the Press:Freedom of the Press: We may express We may express

ourselves in printourselves in print Newspapers, books, Newspapers, books,

magazines, and internetmagazines, and internet Government can’t Government can’t

practice prior censorshippractice prior censorship Reaffirmed by the Zenger Reaffirmed by the Zenger

Court Case Court Case


Limitations to freedom of press:Limitations to freedom of press: May not print lies (libel)May not print lies (libel) May not endanger troops with news May not endanger troops with news

reportsreports


Freedom of Assembly:Freedom of Assembly: May gather in May gather in

groups as long as we groups as long as we are peacefulare peaceful

Right to join social Right to join social clubs, political clubs, political parties and labor parties and labor unionsunions

Can attend political Can attend political parades, rallies, and parades, rallies, and public celebrations public celebrations


Limitations to the right to Assembly:Limitations to the right to Assembly: Government can make rules about Government can make rules about

when and where an event can take when and where an event can take place to ensure public safetyplace to ensure public safety

The group may not break other laws The group may not break other laws when they meetwhen they meet

Freedom to Petition the GovernmentFreedom to Petition the Government


Freedom to Petition Freedom to Petition the Government:the Government:

Right to express Right to express our ideas to the our ideas to the governmentgovernment

Could be a simple Could be a simple letter or e-mailletter or e-mail

May include a list May include a list of signaturesof signatures

Limitations:Limitations: May not threaten a May not threaten a

government officialgovernment official

Bill of Rights Bill of Rights

2nd Amendment2nd Amendment:: Allows a state to maintain Allows a state to maintain

a well armed militiaa well armed militia Citizens have the right to Citizens have the right to

bear armsbear arms3rd Amendment3rd Amendment:: Soldiers may not be Soldiers may not be

housed in your house housed in your house without your consent without your consent unless in times of war unless in times of war and if authorized by and if authorized by CongressCongress

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

4th Amendment:4th Amendment: Protects you from Protects you from

unreasonable searches unreasonable searches and seizuresand seizures

Police must have a Police must have a search warrant to enter search warrant to enter your house without your house without permission. The warrant permission. The warrant is issued by a judge who is issued by a judge who is convinced that a is convinced that a search will turn up search will turn up evidenceevidence

Bill of RightsBill of Rights5th Amendment:5th Amendment: Right to a grand juryRight to a grand jury Protection from double Protection from double

jeopardy, being tried a second jeopardy, being tried a second time for a crime of which you time for a crime of which you were previously acquittedwere previously acquitted

You can’t be forced to testify You can’t be forced to testify against yourself (plead the 5th)against yourself (plead the 5th)

Entitled to due process (set Entitled to due process (set legal procedures must be legal procedures must be followed)followed)

Eminent Domain= you can’t Eminent Domain= you can’t have the government take your have the government take your property unless it benefits the property unless it benefits the public good and unless you are public good and unless you are adequately compensatedadequately compensated

Bill of RightsBill of Rights6th Amendment6th Amendment:: You have the right to know the You have the right to know the

charges against youcharges against you Right to a speedy and public Right to a speedy and public

trial by an impartial jury of trial by an impartial jury of your peersyour peers

Trial is to take place where the Trial is to take place where the crime occurred if possiblecrime occurred if possible

You are allowed to hear and You are allowed to hear and question all witnesses against question all witnesses against youyou

You can call your own You can call your own witnesseswitnesses

You have the right to an You have the right to an attorney, if you can’t afford one attorney, if you can’t afford one they will be provided for you by they will be provided for you by the governmentthe government

Bill of RightsBill of Rights7th Amendment:7th Amendment: Right to a jury trial Right to a jury trial

in civil cases of in civil cases of more than $20more than $20

Right to waive a Right to waive a jury trial and have jury trial and have only a judge settle only a judge settle the disputethe dispute

8th Amendment:8th Amendment: Right to bailRight to bail Protection from Protection from

cruel and unusual cruel and unusual punishmentpunishment

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

9th Amendment:9th Amendment: You have rights that are not listed You have rights that are not listed

ex: pick friends, job, where you liveex: pick friends, job, where you live

10th Amendment:10th Amendment: Any powers not specifically given to Any powers not specifically given to

the national government, nor the national government, nor prohibited to the states, are prohibited to the states, are reserved for the statesreserved for the states

Later AmendmentsLater Amendments

1111thth Amendment Amendment:: Places limits on suits against Places limits on suits against

statesstates

1212thth Amendment Amendment:: Revises procedure for electing Revises procedure for electing

President and Vice-PresidentPresident and Vice-President Originally, 2Originally, 2ndnd place vote place vote

getter was made the Vice-getter was made the Vice-PresidentPresident

They are now elected on the They are now elected on the same ticket with the same ticket with the candidate from their partycandidate from their party

Civil War AmendmentsCivil War Amendments1313thth Amendment Amendment:: Abolished slaveryAbolished slavery

1414thth Amendment Amendment:: Defines U.S. citizenship and Defines U.S. citizenship and

guarantees all citizens guarantees all citizens “equal protection of the “equal protection of the laws”laws”

Gave all former slaves Gave all former slaves citizenship in the U.S.A.citizenship in the U.S.A.

1515thth Amendment Amendment:: Prohibits restrictions on the Prohibits restrictions on the

right to vote based on raceright to vote based on race Gave African-American Gave African-American

males the right to votemales the right to vote


1616thth Amendment Amendment:: Gives Congress the Gives Congress the

power to collect a power to collect a income taxincome tax

1717thth Amendment Amendment:: Originally State Originally State

legislatures picked legislatures picked their state's their state's senatorssenators

Now they will be Now they will be directly elected by directly elected by the peoplethe people

Later AmendmentsLater Amendments1818thth Amendment Amendment:: Prohibits the making, selling, Prohibits the making, selling,

or drinking of alcoholic or drinking of alcoholic beverages (prohibition)beverages (prohibition)

1919thth Amendment Amendment:: Gave women the right to voteGave women the right to vote

2020thth Amendment Amendment:: Known as the “lame duck” Known as the “lame duck”

Amendment, changed the Amendment, changed the inauguration date of the inauguration date of the President from March 20President from March 20thth to to January 20January 20thth

Allowed the government to Allowed the government to get back to work quicker get back to work quicker after the election of a new after the election of a new President President


2121stst Amendment Amendment:: Repeals the 18Repeals the 18thth

AmendmentAmendment Made alcohol legal Made alcohol legal

againagain

2222ndnd Amendment Amendment:: Limits the President Limits the President

to 2 terms in officeto 2 terms in office Direct result of Direct result of

Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt being elected 4 timesbeing elected 4 times


2323rdrd Amendment Amendment:: Gave the citizens of Gave the citizens of

Washington D. C. the Washington D. C. the right to vote in right to vote in Presidential electionsPresidential elections

2424thth Amendment: Amendment: Abolishes poll taxes (a Abolishes poll taxes (a

fee paid for the right fee paid for the right to vote)to vote)

The poll tax was used The poll tax was used to keep African-to keep African-Americans from votingAmericans from voting

Later AmendmentsLater Amendments2525thth Amendment Amendment:: Establishes the Establishes the

procedures for procedures for succession ton the succession ton the PresidencyPresidency

2626thth Amendment Amendment:: Gave 18 year-olds he Gave 18 year-olds he

right to voteright to vote Direct result of the Direct result of the

Vietnam WarVietnam War

2727thth Amendment Amendment:: Delays congressional Delays congressional

pay raises until the pay raises until the term following their term following their passagepassage

The Civil Rights StruggleThe Civil Rights Struggle Despite the passing of Despite the passing of

the 13th, 14th, and 15th the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments, African Amendments, African Americans were still not Americans were still not considered equal citizensconsidered equal citizens

Southern states passed Southern states passed “Jim Crow” laws to “Jim Crow” laws to separate racesseparate races

The court case of The court case of Plessy Plessy v. Fergusonv. Ferguson upheld this upheld this practicepractice

Separation of the races Separation of the races was known as was known as segregationsegregation

The Civil Rights StruggleThe Civil Rights Struggle To fight this, the National To fight this, the National

Association of Colored People Association of Colored People (NAACP) was formed in 1909 (NAACP) was formed in 1909

The NAACP used the courts The NAACP used the courts to fight segregationto fight segregation

In 1910 the Urban League In 1910 the Urban League was formed to help African was formed to help African Americans get jobs in the Americans get jobs in the cities and improve their lives cities and improve their lives

In 1948, President Truman In 1948, President Truman ordered the end to racial ordered the end to racial segregation in the militarysegregation in the military

The Civil Rights StruggleThe Civil Rights Struggle In 1954 the courts case In 1954 the courts case Brown v. Brown v.

Board of Education of TopekaBoard of Education of Topeka, , KansasKansas ended racial segregation ended racial segregation in schoolsin schools

Challenged in Little Rock Challenged in Little Rock Arkansas’ Central High School in Arkansas’ Central High School in 19571957

Governor Faubus tried to use Governor Faubus tried to use National Guard troops to keep the National Guard troops to keep the school from being desegregatedschool from being desegregated

Only the intervention of the U.S. Only the intervention of the U.S. Army as ordered by President Army as ordered by President Eisenhower allowed the “Little Eisenhower allowed the “Little Rock Nine” to gain entrance to Rock Nine” to gain entrance to the schoolthe school

The Civil Rights StruggleThe Civil Rights Struggle In the 1950s and 1960s, Dr. In the 1950s and 1960s, Dr.

Martin Luther King Jr. led a Martin Luther King Jr. led a non violent movement to non violent movement to spread the civil rights spread the civil rights movementmovement

Dr. King used peaceful tactics Dr. King used peaceful tactics such as boycotts, sit-ins, such as boycotts, sit-ins, “freedom rides”, and marches “freedom rides”, and marches to get his message outto get his message out

Used these tactics very Used these tactics very successfully in 1955 when he successfully in 1955 when he helped organize the helped organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott in Montgomery Bus Boycott in response to the arrest of response to the arrest of Rosa ParksRosa Parks

His most famous achievement His most famous achievement was his “I have a dream” was his “I have a dream” speech in 1963 on the steps speech in 1963 on the steps of the Lincoln Memorialof the Lincoln Memorial

The Civil Rights StruggleThe Civil Rights Struggle

His work led to the Civil Rights Act of His work led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which prohibited discrimination 1964 which prohibited discrimination in public facilities, employment, in public facilities, employment, education and voter registration education and voter registration

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 took The Voting Rights Act of 1965 took further steps to provide voting rights further steps to provide voting rights to all minorities by allowing the federal to all minorities by allowing the federal government to intervene when people government to intervene when people are denied the right to register to voteare denied the right to register to vote

Ongoing ChallengesOngoing Challenges

In the 1970s the federal government In the 1970s the federal government started affirmative action programsstarted affirmative action programs

These programs encouraged the These programs encouraged the hiring of women and minorities hiring of women and minorities through quota systemsthrough quota systems

While they were supposed to be a While they were supposed to be a short term answer, they are still in short term answer, they are still in existence todayexistence today

Ongoing ChallengesOngoing Challenges

Racial profiling-Racial profiling-being singled being singled out due to the out due to the way that you way that you looklook

Hate crimes Hate crimes risingrising

Documents

Chapter 4 The Bill of Rights. 1 st Amendment Freedom of Religion: Government can’t create an official United States religion Government can’t create an