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Chapter 4 Section 4
Loess Court Oracle bones Mandate of Heaven Dynastic cycle Confucianism Daoism
Long rivers Fertile soils Temperate
climates Isolated valleys Two rivers
Chang Jiang (Yangzi)
Huang He (Yellow River)
Huang He more fertile
Loess-yellow dusty soil carried by river and winds
Chang Jiang more rainfall grew rice (south)
Huang He- cooler drier grew wheat and millet
Isolation China could thrive Rivers for irrigation
fertile soil China covered with
mountains and hills Himalayan
Mountains Gobi Desert Protected from
invasion
Huang He Valley 9000 years ago
grew crops Xia Dynasty first
No record of Shang Dynasty
considered the first
1766 BC Strong monarchy Capital Anyang Court- gathering of
wealth nobles King appointed
governors Large army
Mostly agricultural Called to fight or
work on government projects
Shang ruling elite had free time for leisure
Wealthy members collected expensive objects
Beliefs Info from studying
ancient tombs Hundreds of
sacrificed prisoners Afterlife need
riches and servants Centered on
ancestor worship
• Offer gifts to deceased ancestors
• Steam from food believed to nourish ancestors
• Oracle bones-inscribe bits of animal bones– Living person asks
question of ancestor– How bones cracked
was the answer
Chinese writing Early text used
pictures Decorative bronze Built huge stable
structures Calendar based on
the moon Created world’s
first money
comcom
Led China for several centuries
Peaceful period Mandate of heaven-
gods would support a just leader not allow corrupt to hold power
Reason the Zhou overthrew the Shang
Dynastic Cycle- rise and fall of dynasties in China
Any Dynasty that lost power gods let be overthrown
Iron backbone of economy
Catapult China’s first cavalry Farming techniques
Food surpluses Cities grew Canals, roads, chop
sticks, first money
Clan leaders rose against the king
Warring states period Small states fought
for power Qin Dynasty-
brought end to the war and the Shang
Question nature Peoples role in
society Creation of Chinese
Philosophy Confucianism Daoism
Teachings of Konfuzi
Treat one another humanely
Respect others, practice manners
Honoring ancestors Society would
become stable and orderly
Analects-Confucius thoughts
Reward ruler with respect and loyalty
Children must respect their parents
Educated people devote themselves to public service
Spread throughout Asia
Yield to the laws of nature
Dao-the way, limitless force is part of all creation
All things in nature are connected
Achieve harmony in the universe
Yin and yang represents balance
Perfect harmony Need each other Laozi-founder Played major role
in later dynasties Idea of balance a
key concept in China for centuries