Chapter 4 Section 1 Matter #1 Properties of Matter · Chapter 4 Section 1 Matter #’s 3 & 4 Properties of Matter, ... • An element a substance that cannot be separated or broken

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Section 1 Matter Chapter 4

#1 Properties of Matter

• matter anything that has mass and takes up space

• Every object in the universe is made up of particles of

matter. The amount of matter in any object is the

mass of that object.




#2 Properties of Matter, continued

• Physical properties are characteristics that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance.

• Physical properties include density, color, hardness, freezing point, boiling point, and the ability to conduct an electric current.




#’s 3 & 4 Properties of Matter, continued

• An element a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number

• Each element has a characteristic set of physical and chemical properties that identify it.

• Every known element is represented by a symbol of one or two letters.




#5 Properties of Matter, continued

• Elements are made of atoms.

• An atom the smallest unit of an element that

maintains the chemical properties of that element




#6 Atomic Structure

• Even though atoms are very tiny, they are made up of smaller parts called subatomic particles.

• There are three types of subatomic particles—protons, electrons, and neutrons.




#’s 7 & 8 Atomic Structure

• A proton a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom.

• The number of protons of the nucleus is the atomic number, which determines the identity of an element




#’s 9 & 10 Atomic Structure

• An electron a subatomic particle that has a negative charge

• A neutron a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleus of an atom




#’s 11, 12, & 13 Atomic Structure, continued

The Nucleus • The protons and neutrons of an atom form the nucleus.

• The positively charged nucleus makes up most of an

atom’s mass but very little of its volume.

• The volume of an atom is mostly empty space.




#’s 14 & 15 Atomic Structure, continued

The Electron Cloud

• The electrons of an atom move in a certain region of space called an electron cloud that surrounds the nucleus.

• The negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. This attraction holds electrons in the atom.




#’s 16 & 17 Atomic Number

• The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is

called the atomic number.

• All atoms of any given element have the same atomic

number.

• An element’s atomic number sets the atoms of that

element apart from the atoms of all other elements.

Elements song

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Chapter 4 Section 1 Matter #1 Properties of Matter · Chapter 4 Section 1 Matter #’s 3 & 4 Properties of Matter, ... • An element a substance that cannot be separated or broken