Chapter 4 Notes

Section 1

Settlement in Jamestown

London co. advertised Virginia giving it praise to attract settlers

This attracted poor English people & adventurers

Founded in 1607 along the James River Settlers were not skilled to start a new

settlement. John Smith provided great leadership, and

improved living conditions, this saved lives

The Powhatan Confederacy

Was an alliance of Algonquian IndiansIndians would bring food & teach settlers

how to grow cornSome settlers would steal from Indians

howeverJohn Rolfe began planting Tobacco in

Virginia for export to England ($)People could own their own land

attracted settlers

War in Virginia

Rolfe married Algonquian princess, PocahontasThis helped peacefulness between the two groups

Pocahontas died in 1617, then her father year later

English settlers wanted to grow tobacco on Indians land, this led to 20 years of fighting

End result was the colony would be controlled by the English government

Daily Life in Virginia

Most settlers were wealthy enough to pay their own way to the Americas

This allowed them to receive 50 acres of landThis is known as the headright system

Owners could get 50 acres for each additional person brought overThis lead to plantations

Labor in Virginia

Due to a high # of deaths labor workers were in demand for plantationsSo Indentured servants were hired

These people would work off their payment for a plantation owner paying their way to America

A typical indentured contract was 4-7 yrs

Some Africans that came to Virginia were slaves or indentured servantsThey worked along side white servantsSome black servants became wealthy

farmersMore servants then slaves at first

Demand for labor grew, people did not want to work in terrible conditions so slavery became more popular then indentured servants

Bacon’s Rebellion

Settlers did not like the conditions In Virginia. Taxes were to high & there was not enough land to farm

Settlers began farming Indians landBroke governments treaty with Indians

Nathaniel Bacon led revolt against governor

Indians no longer trusted colonist

QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Pilgrim’s Experience

Section 2

Puritans and PilgrimsPilgrims were a

religious group who wanted out of England for having different religious beliefs

If they stayed in England they would be punished

The Founding of Plymouth In 1620 Pilgrims came to

America on the MayflowerThe Mayflower Compact was

written agreement among the first pilgrims on the MayflowerIt was meant to protect the

“general good”

This was the first attempt for a self government system

Pilgrims & American IndiansPilgrims met an Indian named Squanto

He taught them how to plant corn, where to catch fish, how to fertilize fields, gather other goods

After the pilgrims were settled they invited a nearby tribe, Wampanoag, for a feastThis feast was the 1st Thanksgiving to thank

godThe Pilgrims brought wild turkeysThe feast lasted for 3 days

The Pilgrim Community

Pilgrims settlement still struggled and traded with the Indians to get by

MenBuilt shelters, worked in fields, chopped wood,

repaired toolsWomen

Cooked, spun wool, sewed clothing, made soap, butter, & cared for livestock

Had more rights ten in England, they could own land & sign contracts

The New England Colonies

Section 3

The Massachusetts Bay Colony

Economic problems and religious issues in England led to the Great Migration to New England

Many of these people were Puritans

Puritans had many supplies and few problems with climate & diseases in Mass.

Church & State in New England

A general court was used to govern the new puritan colonyIt had 2 groups, needing majority

votes to pass lawsGovernment leaders were

church membersOnly male church members

could vote, New citizens had to prove their

faith in god

Daily Life and Customs

Puritans lives revolved around religion, family, and public work

Most farms were substance farmingWomen had 3 duties; obey husband,

have kids, run the houseSchool was very important to all

puritans…so kids could read the bible

Dissent in Massachusetts

Minister Roger Williams led the dissenters, & started Rhode Island because Indians were treated unfairly

Some Puritans thought God talked directly to them

The Salem Witch Trials

Worst problem in New England were the Salem Witch Trials Occurred in 1692

Young girls falsely accused other women of talking w/the devil

These “witches” were put to death A year later many people of the

convicting court regretted this

Salem Witch Trials, 1692

An example of a death warrant:(Death Warrant for Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, and Sarah Wilds)

To Goerge: Corwine Gent'n High Sheriff of the county of Essex

Whereas Sarah Good Wife of William Good of Salem Village Rebecka Nurse wife of Francis Nurse of Salem Village Susanna Martin of Amesbury Widow Elizabeth How wife of James How of Ipswich Sarah Wild wife of John Wild of Topsfield all of the County of Essex in thier Maj'ts Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England Att A Court of Oyer & Terminer held by Adjournment for Our Severaign Lord & Lady Kind Wiliam & Queen Mary for the said County of Essex at Salem in the s'd County onf the 29th day of June [torn] were Severaly arrigned on Several Indictments for the horrible Crime of Witchcraft by them practised & Committed On Severall persons and pleading not guilty did for thier Tryall put themselves on God & Thier Countrey whereupon they were Each of them found & brought in Guilty by the Jury that passed On them according to their respective Indictments and Sentence of death did then pass upon them as the Law directs Execution whereof yet remains to be done: Those are Therefore in thier Maj'ties name William & Mary now King & Queen over England &ca: to will & Command you that upon Tuesday next being the 19th day for [torn] Instant July between the houres of Eight & [torn] in [torn] forenoon the same day you Safely conduct the s'd Sarah Good Rebecka Nurse Susann Martin Elizabeth Howe & Sarah Wild From thier Maj'ties goal in Salem afores'd to the place of Execution & there Cause them & Every of them to be hanged by the Neck untill they be dead and of the doings herein make return to the Clerke of the said Court & this precept and hereof you are not to fail at your perill and this Shall be your sufficient Warrant given under my hand & seale at Boston th 12't day of July in the fourth year of Reign of our Soveraigne Lord & Layd Wm & Mary King and Queen &ca:

*Wm Stoughton

Annoq Dom. 1692

(Reverse)

Salem July 19th 1692

I caused the within mentioned persons to be Executed according to the Tenour of the with[in] warrant

*George Corwin Sherif

The Southern & Middle Colonies

Section 4

Tolerant MarylandMany Catholics came to Americas

for religious freedomThey formed Maryland colony

Settlers learned from Jamestown's mistakes

Passed Toleration act of 1649Law protecting freedom of religion

The CarolinasCarolina was given to 8 of King Charles

II supportersIn 1712 Carolina was split in two for

better governmental controlMany Caribbean settlers moved to

South Carolina (SC)Bringing thousands of slaves

Rice was the cash crop in SCThe British government bought SC in

1719 & NC in 1729

Carolinas

Diversity in NY & NJ

The New Netherlands were controlled by the Dutch until 1647 when England defeated the Dutch with out a shotThe new name was New York & New Jersey

Population was made of many religious groups and many ethnic groups; Dutch, Swede, Scots, Fins, English

These areas had fur trade & grew wheat

New York/New Jersey

The Pennsylvania Experiment

William Penn started Pennsylvania for QuakersQuakers have simple items, don’t

believe in violencePA also accepted other Christians

Penn named the capital of PA Philadelphia “The City of Brotherly Love”

Pennsylvania stuff

The Ideal of Georgia

Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe for poor English citizens & other European settlers

He wanted a colony with no plantations controlled by a few wealthy peopleTo stop this he outlawed slavery and

owning large pieces of land20 years later people complained enough

and Georgia became a royal colony with large rice plantations

Georgia