You are going to learn and talk about: o why things need to be clean o how to keep food clean o how to keep water clean o how to keep your surroundings clean.

CHAPTER 4

KEEPING CLEAN

55

LESSON 1 KEEPING THINGS CLEAN

Chiko and Kalwe, Chalo, Mule and Muke are very busy.They are cleaning things.What are they doing?

Activity 34

What do we do to keep ourselves clean?What do we do to keep our food clean?What do we do to keep our water clean and safe?What do we do to keep our surroundings clean?

Why do we keep things clean?

READING

We need to keep things clean. We wash hands, bodies and clothes.We keep food clean by covering it. We make water clean by boiling or adding chlorine.We wash plates and pots.We sweep our houses and bury rubbish.

Keeping things clean kills bad bacteria or germs.Being clean protects us from diseases.

56

Chapter 4: Lesson 1

ASK YOURSELF

What things do I like cleaning? Why?What do I not like cleaning? Why?

REMEMBER

BEING CLEAN IS BEING HEALTHY.We clean a lot of things. For example, ........

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family why it is important to be clean.

B Written work: What do you do to keep things clean? Make a list. Then read your list to your family.

My cleaning tasks

These are my cleaning tasks at home and at school:

............................................…. ..............................................

............................................…. ..............................................

Keeping cleanFEELINGS ABOUT

CLEANINGI like ................................... because .........................I do not like ...................... because .........................

57

Chapter 4: Lesson 1

Bacteria are very small living things. With just your eyes, you cannot see them: they are invisible. There are millions of them all around us.Some bacteria are very useful to us. Others are very dangerous. They give us diseases such as diarrhoea, dysentery and cholera.

LESSON 2 BACTERIA

What living things do you know? Animals? Insects? Birds?

Activity 35

What are the smallest living things you know?Are they good or bad?What do they do for us? What do they do to us?Where do they live?

READING A

58

Chapter 4: Lesson 2

BACTERIA

B1There are bacte-ria everywhere. They are in the air, in the water and in the soil. They are also in our food, on our bodies and hands, in our clothes and inside our bodies.

B2Bacteria can travel in air or in water. They can also be carried by insects (e.g. � ies) and animals, and on people’s skin, hands, and clothes.

B3Bacteria usually live in warm wet places. Most of them die if they are boiled. They are also killed by disinfectants, salt, soap, chlorine and antiseptic ointment.

Activity 36

Discuss these questions:

Where can we � nd bacteria?How do they move around?How can they be killed?

READING B

Keeping cleanBACTERIA

A I am afraid of bacteria because ....................................B I am not afraid of bacteria because ...................................

ASK YOURSELF

Am I afraid of bacteria?Why? Why not?

REMEMBER

BACTERIA CAN KILL YOU. For example, ......

59

Chapter 4: Lesson 2

Things which kill bacteria

In our house we have............................................................

In the shop there is.................................................................

I use these ones: ....................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family about bacteria.

B Written work: Find some things which kill bacteria, at home or in the shops. Write about them. Then read your writing to your family.

60

Chapter 4: Lesson 2

Diseases are spread in many ways. - When people cough and sneeze they spread bad

bacteria.- Flies and other insects and animals carry bad bacteria

to food. If you eat this food, you can get sick.- Some bacteria are carried by water. You can become

sick if you drink this water.- You can pick up bad bacteria on your hands. Then, if

you put your � ngers in your mouth, you can get sick.

LESSON 3 HOW DISEASES SPREAD

Do you know anyone who had diarrhoea or cholera?How did they get it?

Activity 37

The pictures show how diseases spread.

Tell the class what is happening in the pictures.Talk about what you can see.Also talk about what you cannot see.Why are these things bad?

READING

61

Chapter 4: Lesson 3

Take thismessage

home!

Keeping cleanPREVENTING DISEASES

DO’s and DON’Ts

DO ...............................

DO NOT .......................

ASK YOURSELF

What can we do to prevent diseases?

REMEMBER

DIRT SPREADS DISEASE. For example, .........

breathing

Dirt and Faeces

touching

Water, River, Lake

Sick Person

washing hands

cookingeatingdrinkingwashing touchingfood

touching t

ouching

touchingsneezingcoughing

Food and Water

Activity 38

Here are some of the ways diseases spread. How many can you � nd? Describe one of them.

HOW DISEASES SPREAD

62

Chapter 4: Lesson 3

Preventing disease

This is what I do to prevent disease:

Example I wash my hands often

I ............................................................................

I ............................................................................

I ............................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Find out from your family how you should wash hands.

B Written work: Write what you do to prevent disease.

Explain to your family how these things prevent disease.

63

Chapter 4: Lesson 3

Always wash your hands before:- eating- preparing food- feeding children- drawing and carrying water.

Always wash your hands after:- using the pit latrine or toilet- cleaning the baby- eating food.

LESSON 4 WASHING HANDS

Look at the pictures. What are all these hands doing?What other things do your hands do every day?

Activity 39Why do we need to wash our hands?When do we need to wash our hands?

READING

64

Chapter 4: Lesson 4

WASH YOUR HANDS PROPERLY. For example, ....WASH YOUR HANDS OFTEN. For example, ....

Activity 40

Keeping cleanWASHING HANDS

Do I wash my hands properly? A Yes, usually. B Not always, because .....

Do I wash them at the right times? A Yes, usually B Not always, because .....

What is happening in the pictures?How do you wash your hands? Which is the best way to wash your hands.Why?

ASK YOURSELF

Do I wash my hands properly? Do I wash my hands at the right times?If not, why not?

REMEMBER

65

Chapter 4: Lesson 4

Take thismessage

home!

Handwashing Diary

Day ..........................

When Why

Example In the morning Because I always wash in the morning

...................... ..................................................................

...................... ..................................................................

...................... ..................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Teach the little children at home the best way to wash hands.

B Written work: Keep a handwashing diary. Write down every time you wash your hands in one day and why. Then read your writing to your family.

C Ask your family what they do to keep food clean.

66

Chapter 4: Lesson 4

LESSON 5 KEEPING FOOD CLEAN

Why is it important to keep food clean?

Activity 41

What do Mule and Muke do to keep food clean?Look at the pictures. Find all the things they do. (There are 10.)

Which of these things do you do at home?

How do these actions keep food clean?

Where are the bad bacteria?What is happening to the bacteria?

1 2 3

Mule and Muke are preparing snacks for school.

Now they are going to prepare some food for the family.

They are preparing the meal.

4 5 6

The meal is over. They are clearing up. Some food is left.

The meal is ready. The family has come.

Now they have� nished work.

67

Chapter 4: Lesson 5

KEEP FOOD CLEAN! For example, .........

Activity 42

What foods should we wash?What foods do we not need to wash?What foods should we cover?What foods should we wrap or put in a container?What kind of food should we re-heat?

Eating dirty food makes you sick. We must keep food clean. We have to protect it from � ies, dirt, dirty hands, dirty water and bacteria in the air. We keep food clean by - covering it- wrapping it- using clean pots and plates- washing hands before eating- washing hands before preparing food- washing fruits before eating them- washing vegetables before cooking them - cooking food- re-heating food.

READING

Keeping cleanHOW TO HELP

In my house, the person in charge of the food is .....................................................................

I can help by .............................and by ........................................

ASK YOURSELF

In my house, who is in charge of the food? How can I help this person?

REMEMBER

68

Chapter 4: Lesson 5

Take thismessage

home!

HOMEWORK

A Find a person selling food. Find two foods which are covered and two foods which are uncovered. Find out why.

B Written work: Write the things you do to keep food clean.Then read your writing to your family.

What I do to keep food clean

Example ......I wash my hands before eating

I ...................................................................................

I ......................................................................………..

C Find out where your water comes from and how it comes to your house.

69

Chapter 4: Lesson 5

LESSON 6 SAFE WATER TO DRINK

Which water is safe to drink?

Activity 43

What are Chalo and Mule saying?

Mule, can I give you some

water to drink?Thank you, Chalo.

But where did you get the water from?

I got it from the river. Is it safe to

drink?

Should Mule drink Chalo’s water? Why? Why not?

Activity 44Chalo’s water comes from the river.Kalwe’s water comes from a borehole.Mule’s water comes from a well.

Where does your water come from?How does it come to your house?

What makes water dirty?Is your water clean and safe?How do you know?

70

Chapter 4: Lesson 6

KEEP WATER CLEAN! For example, ....

Water from a borehole or a protected well is usually safe to drink. These water sources do not get dirty easily.

Water gets dirty if: - people or animals urinate in it - people or animals pass stools nearby - people bathe or swim in it - people wash clothes in it - animals drink from it.

READING

ASK YOURSELF

Is my water safe and clean?How do I know?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Ask your family how to make water safe for drinking.

B Written work: Do you carry water to your home? Write about it. Say what you do, where, what for and how

often. Then read your writing to your family.

Drawing water

Example I carry water from the well to the house for washing twice a week.

...................................................................................................................

Keeping cleanWATER SOURCES

My water comes from ................A This water is quite safe to drink because .............................B This water is not very safe because..............................

71

Chapter 4: Lesson 6

Take thismessage

home!

This is Kalwe.He is boiling the water.

This is Chiko’s mother.She is adding chlorine.

LESSON 7 DRAWING AND STERILIZING WATER

How can we make water safe for drinking? How can we sterilize it?

Activity 45What is happening in the pictures?

Why does this make the water safe?

72

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

Activity 46

Kalwe and Chiko are going to draw water for drinking.They are going with their friends.

What should they do � rst? Where should they get the water from? How can they draw the water safely?

What should they do when they get home? How can they keep the water safe at home? How should they take the water from the container?

Show the class how to do these things correctly.

73

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

When you draw drinking water, do these things:1. First, wash your hands well.2. Take a closed water carrier.3. Clean the water carrier.4. Take the water from a safe source.5. Do not touch the water.6. When you get home, sterilize the water.7. Store the water in a clean covered container. 8. When you take water out, do not put your hands in.

READING

Keeping cleanSAFE DRINKING WATER

I prefer to boil drinking water because...............

I prefer to add chlorine to drinking water because..........................

ASK YOURSELF

What do you think is the best way to sterilize drinking water? Why?

REMEMBER

DRAW WATER CAREFULLY! For example, ....

74

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

Safe water

I help make water safe and keep it clean. This is what I do:

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

HOMEWORK

A Tell your family all the things you have to do to have safe drinking water. Ask them what they think.

B Written work: Write about what you do to have safe water. Then read your writing to your family.

C Look around the area where you live. Are there any places where there is a lot of dirt? What kind of dirt is it?

75

Chapter 4: Lesson 7

Dirt and rubbish spread diseases.

Keep your surroundings clean by:

- using the toilet

- sweeping the grounds

- slashing tall grass

- burying rubbish.

I am sick.The nurse says

I have diarrhoea and malaria

Do you know what causes malaria and

diarrhoea?

I do not know. Here we are always sick.

Your surroundings are dirty. Flies sit on faeces and

bring diarrhoea when they sit on your food. The tall grass is the home of mosquitoes that bring

malaria.

LESSON 8 CLEAN SURROUNDINGS

Look at your surroundings. Are they clean?What do we do to keep them clean?

Activity 47

In the picture, Mule is visiting her sick friend Kanyanta.What are they saying to each other?

Why is Kanyanta always sick?How can we correct what is happening in the picture?How can we keep our surroundings clean?

READING

76

Chapter 4: Lesson 8

My new tasks

What else can I do to keep things clean?

I can ........................................................................................

I can ........................................................................................

KEEP YOUR SURROUNDINGS CLEAN.

For example, .................

Keeping clean

CLEAN SURROUNDINGS

This is what I do to keep my surroundings clean:

At home, I ......................

At school, I .....................

ASK YOURSELF

What do I do to keep my surroundings clean at home?What do I do to keep my surroundings clean at school?

REMEMBER

HOMEWORK

A Written work: If we want to be healthy, we must be clean.Write down what else you can do to keep things clean.

Read your writing to your family.

B Is diarrhoea really dangerous? Ask your family.

77

Chapter 4: Lesson 8

78

Chapter 4: Revision

We have come to the end of Chapter Four.What did we learn?

Hold up all the Remember messages for Chapter Four.Read them out one by one.

For each message give examples.Say why each message is important.

REVISION OF CHAPTER FOUR