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WWWWWW
Chapter 4
Intranets and Extranets
2WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
OBJECTIVES
• Introduction
• Technical Infrastructure
• Planning an Intranet
• E-mail and Intranet
• Extranets
3WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
WHAT IS AN INTRANET?
• An organization-wide software and information distribution system applying Internet technology to a closed network
• Intranet operation is a communication project designed by technical staff
• A network of people, not wired machines• Usually runs in a client/server environment
and a local area network configuration
4WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
BENEFITS
• Links employees and managers together• Automates a lot of intraorganizational
traffic• Enables a company to gain better access to
its primary resources – knowledge and experience
• Serves as a creative and empowering tool• Establishes the foundation for developing
enterprise-wide information systems
5WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
BENEFITS (Cont’d)
• Provides a model for new internal information management collaborative computing
• Prepares a wealth of Internet knowledge to employees
• Eases process integration
• Allows company to expand the system
6WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS
• Human Resources– Employee handbook– Benefits information– Employee surveys– Internal/external recruiting– Candidate screening– Organizational charts– Newsletters– Company calendars
7WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS (Cont’d)
• Sales and Marketing– Product information– Market research– Prospecting– Managing sales contacts– Sales training
8WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS (Cont’d)
• Accounting and Finance– Financial reports– Expense reports– Accounts receivable/payable processing– Asset management– Policies and procedures– Payroll
9WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
APPLICATIONS (Cont’d)
• Manufacturing and Operations– Inventory control– Production schedules– Quality assurance– Part order/requisition system
10WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
WHY DOES A COMPANY NEED AN INTRANET?
• A company has a large pool of information to share among hundreds of its employees
• Intranets are cheap, robust and fast
• Intranets operate across platforms
• 24/7 to employees
• Information in intranet can be updated quickly
11WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
• Client/Server Basis– Client/Server software architecture: a versatile,
message-based, and modular infrastructure intended to improve usability, flexibility, interoperability and scalability
– Mainframe architecture: all intelligence is within the central host computer
12WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
TYPES OF CLIENT/SERVER ARCHITECTURE
• Two-tier architectures– For an organization with 12-100 users
• Three-tier architectures– User system interface– Processing management– Database management
13WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
TWO-TIER ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
User System Interface
Database Management
14WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
THREE-TIER ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
User System Interface
Database Management
Process Management
15WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
BASIC INTRANET-ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
• Server and Client PCs
• Web Server
• Browsers
• TCP/IP Electronic Mail
• Graphic and Multimedia Files
• Network File System (NFS)
• Internet Relay Chat (NRC)
• HTML Authoring Tools
• HTML
• Portable Electronic Document
16WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
USING FIREWALLS
• Proxy– “Go-between” agent that acts on behalf of
another
• Packet Filter– Checks each packet at network level
17WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
PLANNING AN INTRANET
• Plan ahead
• Provide justification with management support
• Build an intranet in-house or outsource it
• Form an Intranet team
• Build and test a prototype
• Ensure effective maintenance
18WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
E-MAIL and INTRANET
• Spamming– Sending unwanted advertisements or literature
through e-mail
• Flaming– Responding to a message or a call in anger
19WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
E-MAIL ETIQUETTE
• Write in different color to express attitude or mood
• Keep sentences short• Be aware of your office and organization culture• Avoid flaming• Don’t use e-mail to send bad news• Don’t type in capital letters
20WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
EXTRANETS
• Lets limited, controlled business partners interact with the firm for all kinds of exchanges
• System designers must collaborate to make sure there is a common interface with the company they are dealing with
• Benefits: faster time-to-market, customer loyalty, increased partner interaction, and improved processes
21WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
KEY CONSIDERATIONS
• Identifying users
• Listing technology components
• Specifying security requirements
• Discussing administration of extranet
• Understanding usability of extranet
22WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
• Security– Type of users– Sensitivity of information transacted– Communication lines used
• Manageability / administration
• Usability
23WWWWWW Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e© 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall
ROLE OF CHAMPION
• Ensures accountability for the organization
• Promotes more effective collaboration with business partners which improves potential for increased revenue
• Provides a long-term investment in competitive advantage
WWWWWW
Chapter 4
Intranets & Extranets