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8/13/2019 Chapter 4 Biology Form 4
1/11
1
TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chemical Composition of the Cell
Concept Map
4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
8/13/2019 Chapter 4 Biology Form 4
2/11
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4
Concept Map
Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chemical Composition of the Cells
Inorganic
compounds
Organic
compounds
Chemical compounds Elements
Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins
Enzymes
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1 Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Vitamins
Nucleic acids
Organic Compounds
(contain carbon)
Living organisms
Inorganic Compounds
(do not contain carbon)
Water
Carbohydrates
Acids Bases
Mineral salts
Non-living organisms
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
in the Chemical Compounds compounds
Carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen,
phosphorus, sulphur
Proteins
Carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen
Carbohydrates
Carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen
Lipids
Hydrogen, oxygen Water
Carbon, oxygen,
hydrogen, phosphorus,
nitrogen
Nucleic acids
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
compoundsof mineral ions (Elements)
Mg2+ Act as a cofactor for someenzymes
Ca2+
Mg2+ is required for the
synthesis of chlorophyll
Formation of strong bones
and teeth
Na2+ Regulates osmotic pressurein cells
CI To maintain pH in the
stomach
Helps in the transmission of
nerve impulses and muscle
contractions
K+
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
compoundsof mineral ions
Fe2+ Synthesis of red blood cells
Synthesis of chlorophyll
Components of macro
molecules
SO24
PO3
4
NO
3
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Carbohydrates Starch is the main energy store of carbohydrates
in plant cells
Glycogen is the main energy store ofcarbohydrates in animal tissues
Primary source of energy
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
Proteins
Structure: basic units are amino acids
Synthesis of enzymes, hormones, antibodies
and haemoglobin
Synthesis of haemoglobin in red blood cells to
transport oxygen
Build new cells and renew damaged tissues
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
8/13/2019 Chapter 4 Biology Form 4
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
Lipids Fats and oil are important sources of energy
The layer of adipose tissue insulates the
bodies of animals against cold temperatures
Solvent for vitamins A, D, E and K
Protect major organs of the body by lining with
adipose tissue
Phospholipids are the main constituent of the
plasma membrane
Forms complex molecule structure such assteroids
Wax prevents water loss in plants and
infection by pathogens
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
Nucleic acids Basic units are nucleotides, which storegenetic information in codes
Two types of nucleic acids :
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Messenger RNA carries DNAs genetic code
into the cytoplasm
DNA passes genetic information from
one generation to another
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
O
H
H
Water molecule (two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom)
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell
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TRG B io l o g y Fo r m 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
4.1Chemical Composition of the Cell
Maintaining osmotic balance and turgidity
Medium for biochemical reactions
Lubricant
Maintaining body temperature
Solvent
High surface tension and cohesion
Support (structure of cells)
Transport medium
Chapter 4: Chemical Composition of the Cell