Chapter 4 - Beyond the Bill of Rights Directions for completing your Outline 1. Highlight the underlined and bold print from each amendment. 2. Create a catchphrase with your partner for each amendment. *These catchphrases will be used while creating your flashcards.* The Eleventh Amendment The Eleventh Amendment places limits on civil lawsuits against the states and says that these lawsuits must be tried in state courts. The Twelfth Amendment The Twelfth Amendment changes the procedure of electing the President and Vice President. Electing the President is done through the Electoral College Presidential candidates choose their own vice presidential candidates. Protecting the Rights of All The Bill of Rights did not restrain the power of the state or local governments, only the national government. reserve powers Many states used their reserve powers to violate the civil liberties of some Americans. Protecting the Rights of All Before 1865, African Americans remained enslaved throughout the South. These slaves had little, if any, civil liberties. Protecting the Rights of All From 1865 to 1870, three Civil War amendments (13, 14, 15) were added to extend civil liberties by limiting state abuses of power to newly freed African Americans. It broadened the reach of Constitutional rights. The Thirteenth Amendment (Civil War Amendment) officially ended slavery (or forced labor) in the U.S., freeing thousands of African Americans in the South The Thirteenth Amendment The Fourteenth Amendment (Civil War The Fourteenth Amendment (Civil War Amendment) defined a U.S. citizen as anyone born or naturalized in the U.S. This included most newly freed African Americans, who were required to be granted by the state equal protection of the laws (to counter Southern black codes) And, In order to ensure the rights of African American citizens, every state was also now required to grant its citizens due process of law (equal protection under the law) The Fifteenth Amendment The Fifteenth Amendment (Civil War Amendment) granted African Americans suffrage (the right to vote). This suffrage, however, was granted only to African American men in most states. The Sixteenth Amendment The Sixteenth Amendment gives the Congress the power to pass an income tax on the citizens. (the government taxes your pay/income) The Seventeenth Amendment The Seventeenth Amendment allows voters to elect their U.S. senators directly (rather than having state legislatures choosing) This gives the people a greater voice in the U.S. government. The Eighteenth Amendment Nicknamed Prohibition Amendment The Eighteenth Amendment outlawed the making, drinking, transporting, or selling of alcohol in the U.S. Protecting the Rights of All Before 1920, women were not permitted to vote in almost all U.S. states. The suffrage movement was the effort to gain women the right to vote. The Nineteenth Amendment The Nineteenth Amendment extended suffrage (right to vote) to include women in all states and national elections Nicknamed universal suffrage The Twentieth Amendment The Twentieth Amendment changes the presidential inauguration date to January 20 th. The Twenty First Amendment The Twenty First Amendment repealed Prohibition (18 th Amendment). This action made alcohol legal again The 18 th Amendment is the only one to be repealed (cancelled) The Twenty Second Amendment The Twenty Second Amendment limits the U.S. President to only two (2) terms in office (10 years total) The Twenty Third Amendment The Twenty Third Amendment granted residents of the District of Columbia (Washington, DC) the right to vote for (Electoral College) President and Vice President. They have 3 electoral votes. The Twenty Fourth Amendment The Twenty Fourth Amendment made poll taxes (money paid for the right to vote) illegal in national elections The U.S. Supreme Court would also later rule that poll taxes were illegal in state elections as well Poll taxes were common Jim Crow Laws that discriminated against African Americans in the South The Twenty Fifth Amendment The Twenty Fifth Amendment established the procedures for the succession to the Presidency in case of death or incapacitation. (order) Vice President, Speaker of House, President Pro Tempore of the Senate, Cabinet The Twenty Sixth Amendment The Twenty Sixth Amendment lowered the voting age to 18 for all national, state, and local elections Came about during the Vietnam Conflict when many believed if an 18 year old was old enough to fight in war, they should be able to vote. The Twenty Seventh Amendment The Twenty Seventh Amendment states that Congressional pay raises begin the following term