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Chapter 4: Ancient Greece1900-133 BC
Chapter 4Section 2
The Greek City-States
Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to:
Compare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens.
Name the forms of government in Greece.
Central focus of Greek life Town, city, or village & the countryside
Where people met for political, social, & religious
activities
Greek City-State
Polis
2
Acropolis--fortified hill in center of the city
agora--marketplace
Acropolis 2Acropolis 2
AgoraAgora
2
Hoplite soldiers –
Heavily armed infantry or foot soldiers
Phalanx – block formationPhalanx – block formation
Tyrants Seized the government - took
land from the rich & gave to the poor
Gained & kept power by hiring soldiers
fell out of favor because contradicted the Greek rule of law
Tyranny led to the development of democracy
Ended the rule of aristocrats & allowed new people to participate in government
Sparta and Athens
Sparta
Conquered their neighbors, the Laconians & the Messenians
These people became known as helots (Greek word for “capture”)
Became a military state to ensure control over the helots
Boys learn military discipline
Spartan = “highly self-disciplined”
men served a lifetime in the military (age
20-60) lives were rigidly organized & tightly controlled
Spartan
Hoplite 8
Spartan Women
*power over the home*exercise & remain fit*expected husbands & sons to be brave
Spartan Values
duty, strength and discipline over all
discouraged from studying philosophy, literature & arts – might lead to new thoughts
Spartan Government
Oligarchy - 2 Kings Ephors – 5 elected men
Council of Elders
Athens
Daily Life in Classical Athens
Boys were taught reading, writing, math, music,
and physical education Education ended at age 18
when officially became a citizen
AthenianWomen
4
Role of WomenStrictly controlled -confined to the house
Always had a male guardian
Could not own propertyLearned to read & play instruments, but were not given a formal education
GovernmentRuled by AristocratsEconomic problems =
political turmoilFarmers sold into slavery
Athens verged on Civil War
Solon
Reform-minded Aristocrat
Solon’s Reforms
Cancelled all debts Freed slaves Would not take land from rich & give to poor
Internal Strife = Tyranny
Pisistratus seized power in 560 BC
Gave aristocrats’ land to the poor to gain their favor
Succeed by his son & Athenians rebelled against him
Cleisthenes’s Reforms
Gained power in 508 BC Created a council of 500
– Citizen’s Assembly Basis of Athenian democracy
Types of Governme
nt
Monarchy Ruled by a single king Rule is hereditary Some rulers claim divine right
Practiced in Mycenae
Oligarchy Ruled by a small group of citizens
Rule is based on wealth
Practiced in Sparta
Aristocracy Ruled by nobility Rule is hereditary & based
on land ownership Social status & wealth supports authority
Practiced in Athens
Democracy Ruled by citizens Rule is based on citizenship Majority rule decides the voteResulted from Cleisthenes
reforms Practiced in Athens
Learning ObjectivesThe students will be able to:
Compare and contrast the roles of women, children, and males in Sparta and Athens.
Name the forms of government in Greece.