Chapter 4Bonds of Empire

Rebellion and War

A. Royal Centralization1. 1660-1688 English monarchs attempted to rule

like absolute monarchs in England with little regard for parliament or colonial legislatures

2. Duke of York Considered Elected assemblies dangerous

3. 90% of positions were held by military leaders 4. By 1680 60% of all American Colonists were

ruled by “governor generals”

5. New Englanders were the most resentful

a. Massachusetts declared its citizens exempt from the rules

b. 1679 To Punish Mass the king created New Hampshire

c. 1684 he revokes Mass Charter and made it a royal Colony

B. Dominion of New England1. The Dominion of New England

in America (1686–1689) was an administrative union of English colonies in the New England region of North America. a. It was a failure, because the

colonies deeply resented being stripped of their traditional rights

b. The very large area composed of present-day ME, NH,VT, MS, RI, CT, NY and NJ

c. It was too large for a single governor to manage.

2. Edmond Androsa. Military Governorb. Closed colonial

legislaturesc. Limited town to 1

meeting per yeard. Enforced TOLLORATION

OF Anglicans and the Navigation Acts

e. Gained some support by appointing colonial elites to offices

C. Glorious Revolution• 1688 the English deposed King James II, in

a bloodless revolution, and invited his daughter, Mary, and her husband, William, to assume the throne.

1. Dismantled the Dominion of New England

2. Allowed CT and RI to elect their own governors

3. Allowed MS to rule Maine and NH 4. The crown would select the Governor of

Mass not the colonial legislature 5. Property ownership not church member

ship became the criteria for voting6. Colony had to tolerate of Religious groups

Colonial Economies and Societies

A. Economies1. Mercantilism - an economic theory widely

favored during the 16th and 17th centuries. It held that a favorable balance of exports over imports would result in national wealth and power. Under mercantilism, a nation's economic and colonial policy should be directed to bring as much wealth as possible into the country.

2. Communities a. Immigration b. Population Growthc. Rural men and Womend.Farmerse. Urban Paradoxf. Slavery g. Colonial Elites

III. Competing for a ContinentA. France and Native

AmericansB. Britain and Native

AmericansC. British Expansion:

GeorgiaD. Spain

IV. Public Life in British AmericanA. Colonial PoliticsB. Enlightenment- an intellectual movement in

Europe during the 18th century. People who believed in the Enlightenment argued that life could be improved, and that using reason was the best way to promote progress.

1. John Locke2. Benjamin Franklin

C. Great Awakening- an enthusiastic outpouring of religious fervor in the middle of the 18th century in Colonial America.

1. Methodist2. Baptist

Colonial religionsAnglican Puritans Quakers Revivalist Deist

Worldl

y success

beliefs no

obstacle in

pursuit of

success

Success a sign of

salvation, so driven by

work ethic; generally

successful, sometimes

materialistic

Thrifty, practical, so

generally successful, though not

materialistic

Usually poor

though often

ambitious; many reject

established churches'

message to be content with, hope for better in heaven

Educated elite,

independent,

wealthy, with time

for science; may be beyond

material concerns

Other sects

Fairly tolerant

Intolerant

Tolerant

Not tolerant, but forced to be by multiplicity of sects after Great Awakening

Believed traditional faiths based on superstition, but may help maintain discipline until society becomes more enlightened

Education

Positive, practical, clearly beneficial to ruling class, though not for everybody

Practical and essential to understand God's plan

Not necessary for spiritual insight, though may be practical

Not necessary, may even be negative; some revivalists were anti-intellectual

Rigidly scientific

Man

and society

elite should help less fortunate

Man viewed as inherently evil; saw selves as the elect, so organized hierarchical society

Man basically good; all equal before God, so tendency toward egalitarianism, humanitarianism

Man evil, but redeemable; poor encouraged to challenge establishment, seek opportunity; egalitarian, democratic

Man potentially perfectible if intellect fully developed; in meantime, enlightened may provide leadership, maintain order

The afterl

ife

Salvation through faith, good works

Predestination; only the elect to be saved, all else to hell

Universal salvation; all eligible through love for fellow man

All eligible, but must be born again

Not applicable; if there is to be a heaven, man must (and can) make it her