Chapter 4

Slavery and Empire

People

• Olaudah Equiano• John Hawkins• Venture Smith• King Dom Affonso of

the Kongo• John Castor• Anthony Johnson• Elizabeth Lucas

Pinckney

• James Edward Oglethorpe

• John Woolman• Creoles• Adam Smith• Robert Walpole• Sally Hemings• Anne Dandridge

Events• Yamasee War• Spain converts Florida into

a haven for escaped slaves• Natchez Rebellion• Slave revolt of 1762

– New York• Cheseapeake rebellion of

1730• Queen Anne’s War

– War of the Spanish Succession

• War of Jenkins’s Ear• King George’s War

– War of the Austrian Succession

Places• Georgia

– Transition from poor farmers to plantation owners

• Caribbean– Hispaniola

• St. Dominique (Haiti)– Cuba– Jamaica– Puerto Rico– Lesser Antilles

• Niger River– Timbuktu

• Charleston

• South Carolina– “settlement and slavery

went hand in hand”• New Orleans

– Louisiana

Terms

• “country born”• “saltwater”• Royal African Company• “barracoons”• “Middle Passage”

– Trading Triangle• England to Africa to

America to England

• Slave auctions• society with slaves

• slave society• slave codes• Maroons• mercantilism• Navigation Acts• Wool, Hat, and Iron Acts• “commodity money”• salutary neglect• “first families of Virginia”

Concepts• Change of colonial status

– Charter to Crown (Royal)• Rise of plantation economy

– Rice– Sugar (Mediterranean Region)– Tobacco– indigo

• Codification of slave laws• Cultural heritage of slavery

– Art• Woodworking• Iron making• weaving

– Music• Christian conscience

– Muslims and Africans were not counted

• Cause and effect of treatment of indigenous populations and use of African slaves

• Europe turns its eyes towards the Caribbean– Sugar

• Slavery in different cultures– Venice and Genoa– France, England, Portugal, Spain, and the

Netherlands– African

• Changes in European dominance of trade– Portugal to Holland– Holland to England

• Atlantic slave trade and its effect on Africa– Paved way for imperialism and

colonialism in 19th century• Treatment of slaves by different

European powers• Household slavery vs. plantation

slavery

Concepts• Slavery’s acceptance

throughout the colonies• Slave families and the

development of African American culture– Names– Kinship– Shared experience brought

togetherness– Funerary rites– Dancing and music– Language

• Slave owner fears and its impact

• Africanization of the South– Cultural exchanges were a two

way street• Medicine• Food• Art• Dancing and music

• “Brute force and violence”– Whippings

• Slave resistance• Escape for slaves• The effectsof slave revolts

– Acculturation meant less revolutions

Concepts• Slavery’s impact on the

economy– Less diversification meant

less industrialization• How does this connect to

future issues between North and South?

– Great Britain• Enormous profits

– Growth of banks and insurance companies, internal improvements

• Raw materials for industrial revolution– Cotton

• Economic issues and warfare– competition among European

nations started wars that spilled into the Americas

• Southern Colonial wars and slavery

• Economic issues in the British Colonies– Lack of single monetary

system– No Banks– No tariffs

Concepts

• Impact of salutary neglect on colonial economy and identity

• Slavery’s impact on white culture

• Gender roles– Status of a child came

from the mother

Statistics• African slaves are the

largest forced migration in the history of the world– 6:1 ratio prior to the 19th

century of African slaves to European immigrants

• 10-12 million individuals will be transported across the Atlantic

• 2:1 ratio of men to women

• 1:6 Africans will die during Middle Passage