Chapter 39 - Digestion and Nutrition · Web view39.2 Animal Digestive Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that …

Chapter 39 - Digestion and Nutrition

Multiple Choice

1. Helicobacter pylori has been associated with ____. a. irritable bowel syndrome b. duodenal ulcers c. peptic ulcers d. HPV e. GERDANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.1 Your Microbial "Organ"LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.1 - Examine how Helicobacter pylori is harmful for humans.

2. Large gut populations of Bifidobacterium are associated with ____. a. peptic ulcers b. irritable bowel syndrome c. gastroesophageal reflux disease d. improved immune function e. increased vital capacityANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.1 Your Microbial "Organ"LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.1 - Examine how Helicobacter pylori is harmful for humans.

3. A specialization of the stomach that aids in grinding for animals that lack teeth is the ____. a. crop b. rumen c. cloaca d. gizzard e. esophagusANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that birds and mammals have developed.

4. Which statement about digestion in ruminants is FALSE? a. Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food. b. Food materials are re-chewed. c. Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to digestive enzymes. d. Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans. e. Ruminants have a single but disproportionately large stomach.ANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1


LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Figure 39.2C

5. The storage organ indicated by the letter "C" is called the ____. a. mouth b. crop c. gizzard d. rumen e. cloacaANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsPREFACE NAME: Figure 39.2CLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


6. The letter “F” indicates the ____. a. mouth b. crop c. gizzard d. intestines e. cloacaANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsPREFACE NAME: Figure 39.2CLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


7. Which of the following is an accessory organ of the human digestive system? a. salivary glandCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2


b. esophagus c. stomach d. small intestine e. large intestineANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.4 - Illustrate the functions of the major organs in the human digestive system using a diagram.

8. Preliminary digestion of carbohydrates begins in the _____. a. mouth b. esophagus c. stomach d. duodenum e. jejunumANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


9. Food is moved through the digestive system by ____. a. sphincters b. accessory organs c. smooth muscle contractions d. movement of villi e. skeletal muscle contractionsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3


Figure 39.5A

Use the figure above to answer the following two questions.

10. The teeth designated by the letter "D" in the above figure are called ____. a. canines b. premolars c. incisors d. molars e. wisdom teethANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.4 Chewing and SwallowingPREFACE NAME: Figure 39.5ALEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the

mouth.

11. The teeth designated by the letter "B" in the above figure are called ____. a. canines b. premolars c. incisors d. molars e. wisdom teethANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.4 Chewing and SwallowingPREFACE NAME: Figure 39.5ALEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the

mouth.



12. An empty stomach increases its secretion of ____ to stimulate the appetite. a. pepsinogen b. ghrelin c. gastric fluid d. chyme e. serosaANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.

13. The enzyme that digests protein is ____. a. ghrelin b. chyme c. pepsin d. sulfuric acid e. lipaseANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.

14. Contractions of the stomach muscles ____. a. decrease following a heavy meal b. move chyme to the small intestine c. begin the digestion of protein d. begin the digestion of lipids e. close the pyloric sphincterANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.



Figure 39.7

Use the figure above to answer the following question.

15. The structure designated by the letter "B" in the above figure is called the ____. a. pyloric sphincter b. esophagus c. small intestine d. duodenum e. appendixANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachPREFACE NAME: Figure 39.7LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.NOTES: modified

replace with 39.7

16. What are the smallest projections of the small intestine wall? a. microvilli b. cilia c. villi d. brush border cells e. duodenaANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.6 Structure of the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.7 - Examine how the functions of the small intestine are affected by its structure.



Figure 39.8A, B, and C

The following three questions refer to the figure above.

17. The structures illustrated in the figure are found in the ____. a. mouth b. esophagus c. stomach d. small intestine e. colonANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.6 Structure of the Small IntestinePREFACE NAME: Figure 39.8A, B, and CLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


18. A blood vessel is indicated by the letter ____. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. EANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.6 Structure of the Small IntestinePREFACE NAME: Figure 39.8A, B, and CLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


19. A villus are indicated by the letter ____. a. A b. BCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 7


c. C d. D e. EANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.6 Structure of the Small IntestinePREFACE NAME: Figure 39.8A, B, and CLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


20. Which of the following enzymes digests starches? a. pepsin b. catalase c. amylase d. lipase e. trypsinANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.9 - Discuss how carbohydrates, proteins, and fat are digested and absorbed in the small intestine.

21. Which enzymes from the pancreas function in the small intestine to digest proteins? a. amylases b. lipases c. trypsin and chymotrypsin d. bile acids e. disaccharidasesANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


22. Bile helps in the digestion of _____. a. carbohydrates b. fats c. carbohydrates d. proteins e. nucleic acidsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




23. Lipase is synthesized in the ____. a. pancreas b. small intestine c. large intestine d. stomach e. liverANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


24. Which enzyme(s) digest nucleic acids? a. pepsins b. disaccharidases c. aminopeptidase d. pancreatic nucleases e. amylaseANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


25. Most fluid that enters the digestive system is absorbed through the ____. a. stomach b. pancreas c. small intestine d. lymph vascular system e. large intestineANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


26. Nutrient absorption mostly happens in the ____. a. stomach b. small intestine c. colon d. pancreas e. esophagusANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Remember



REFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


27. Bile is made in the ____. a. gall bladder b. pancreas c. liver d. small intestine e. spleenANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


28. Escherichia coli grows in the large intestine and is instrumental in making ____. a. vitamin B12

b. bile c. vitamin K d. lipase e. vitamin CANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.8 The Large IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.10 - Examine the structure and functions of the large intestine.

29. Constipation can be caused by all of the following except ____. a. emotional stress b. a low-fiber diet c. a sedentary lifestyle d. dehydration e. bacterial infectionsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.8 The Large IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.10 - Examine the structure and functions of the large intestine.

30. When the production of glucose exceeds what the body needs, it is stored as _____ or used to synthesize fats. a. urea b. bile c. adipose cells d. glycogen e. amylaseANSWER: dCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10


DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.

31. In addition to being an energy source, fats are used to make _____. a. amino acids b. nucleic acids c. steroids d. skin cells e. carbohydratesANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


32. Vitamin C ____. a. helps blood to clot b. is needed to make collagen c. is used to create coenzymes d. is fat soluble e. protects cell membranesANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.13 - Discuss the characteristics and importance of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals.

33. An example of a fat-soluble vitamin is ____. a. vitamin C b. thiamin c. riboflavin d. vitamin K e. folic acidANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


34. Calcium is a mineral that plays an important role in ____. a. producing thyroid hormone b. nerve function c. intercellular signaling d. supporting the hemoglobin molecule



e. maintaining the cell membraneANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


35. Organic molecules found in plant foods that reduce the risk of certain disorders are known as ____. a. vitamins b. essential amino acids c. minerals d. phytochemicals e. lipidsANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


36. An example of insoluble fiber is ____. a. glucose b. starch c. cellulose d. sucrose e. phospholipidsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.

37. What is a source of omega-3-fatty acids? a. nuts b. olive oil c. meat d. fish e. butterANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.

38. Which is an example of a monounsaturated fat? a. butter b. olive oil c. coconut oilCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 12


d. vegetable oil e. omega-6 fatty acidsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.

39. Body mass index (BMI) is an indirect measurement of ____. a. caloric intake b. energy utilization c. basal metabolic weight d. age e. body fatANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.12 Maintaining a Healthy WeightLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.14 - Examine why it is important to maintain a healthy body weight.

40. Obese people have a greater risk of four of the following. Which one is the exception? a. type 1 diabetes b. colon cancer c. high blood pressure d. breast cancer e. heart diseaseANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.12 Maintaining a Healthy WeightLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.14 - Examine why it is important to maintain a healthy body weight.

Matching

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a. a process that propels material in the esophagus farther along the tube to the stomachb. ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc. thin, outermost layer of stomachd. a regurgitated ball of food particlese. emulsify fat globulesf. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg. interior lining of stomachh. gastric inhibitory peptidei. mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj. a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small Intestine





41. bile saltsANSWER: e

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a. a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb. ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc. thin, outermost layer of stomachd. a regurgitated ball of food particlese. emulsify fat globulesf. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg. interior lining of stomachh. gastric inhibitory peptidei. mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj. a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


42. cudANSWER: d

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a. a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb. ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc. thin, outermost layer of stomachd. a regurgitated ball of food particlese. emulsify fat globulesf. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg. interior lining of stomachh. gastric inhibitory peptidei. mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj. a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.

43. gastric fluidANSWER: i

44. chymeANSWER: j

45. mucosaCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 14


ANSWER: g

46. sphincterANSWER: b

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a. a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb. ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc. thin, outermost layer of stomachd. a regurgitated ball of food particlese. emulsify fat globulesf. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg. interior lining of stomachh. gastric inhibitory peptidei. mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj. a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


47. ruminantsANSWER: f

Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a. a process that propels material in the esophagus farther long the tube to the stomachb. ring of muscles that open and close to control passagewaysc. thin, outermost layer of stomachd. a regurgitated ball of food particlese. emulsify fat globulesf. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganismsg. interior lining of stomachh. gastric inhibitory peptidei. mixture of mucus, HCl, and pepsinogenj. a mixture of gastric fluid and food particles in the stomachDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


48. peristalsisANSWER: a

49. serosaANSWER: c



Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragmentsb. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examplesc. made in the pancreas; acts on fatsd. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starche. made by the small intestine; acts on two-unit sugarsf. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptidesg. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fatsh. made in the stomach; acts on proteinsi. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretionj. circular muscle; acts like valveDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


50. amylaseANSWER: d

51. bileANSWER: g

52. disaccharidaseANSWER: e

53. gastrinANSWER: i

54. lipaseANSWER: c

55. monosaccharidesANSWER: b

56. pepsinANSWER: h

57. amino- and carboxypeptidaseANSWER: a

58. sphincterANSWER: j

59. trypsinANSWER: f

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.a. stomachCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 16


b. gallbladderc. small intestined. appendixe. large intestineDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


60. The digestion of cellulose occurs in this part of the digestive system of the pronghorn antelope.ANSWER: a

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the gastrointestinal tract listed below.a. stomachb. gallbladderc. small intestined. appendixe. large intestineDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


61. Short tubular projection of the large intestine.ANSWER: d

62. This organ absorbs about 80 percent of the water that enters the human body, either as fluids or as part of food being eaten.ANSWER: c

63. Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs primarily in this organ.ANSWER: c

64. Bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and lecithin are stored by this organ.ANSWER: b

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.a. salivary glandsb. stomach mucosac. intestinal mucosad. pancreasDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


65. The enzyme pepsin is produced there.Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 17


ANSWER: b

66. The enzyme carboxypeptidase is produced there.ANSWER: d

67. The fat-digesting enzyme, lipase, is formed there.ANSWER: d

68. The peptide-digesting enzyme, aminopeptidase, is produced there.ANSWER: c

Respond to the following statements with reference to the five vitamins listed below.a. Vitamin B1b. Vitamin B2c. Niacind. Vitamin B6e. Vitamin B12DIFFICULTY: DifficultREFERENCES: 39.10 Vitamins, Minerals, and PhytochemicalsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


69. This vitamin is a coenzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is obtained from meats and starchy vegetables.ANSWER: d

70. This vitamin functions in carbohydrate metabolism.ANSWER: a

71. This vitamin is a component of the coenzyme NAD.ANSWER: c

72. A deficiency of this vitamin causes Beri beriANSWER: a

73. A deficiency of this vitamin causes anemia and neurological disorders and is a coenzyme important in amino acid synthesis.ANSWER: e



Figure 39.4

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


74. oral cavityANSWER: a

75. salivary glandsANSWER: i

76. pharynxANSWER: b

77. esophagus



ANSWER: c

78. stomachANSWER: d

79. liverANSWER: j

80. small intestineANSWER: e

81. gallbladderANSWER: k

82. large intestineANSWER: f

83. pancreasANSWER: l

84. rectumANSWER: g

85. anusANSWER: h

Completion

86. The multiple stomach chambers of cattle and other __________ allow them to maximize absorption of the nutrients present in plant food.ANSWER: ruminantsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.2 Animal Digestive SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


87. __________ moves food down the esophagus and through a(n) __________ (a ring of muscle that can close off an opening) into the stomach.ANSWER: Peristalsis; sphincterDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


88. Most digestion occurs and most nutrients and water are absorbed in the __________.ANSWER: small intestinesDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.6 Structure of the Small Intestine





89. Saliva contains the enzyme __________, which begins the process of starch digestion.ANSWER: amylaseDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.4 Chewing and SwallowingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the

mouth.

90. __________ in the stomach contains protein-digesting enzymes and acid.ANSWER: Gastric fluidDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.5 Food Storage and Digestion in the StomachLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.6 - Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.

91. __________, which assists in fat digestion, is made in the liver and stored in the __________.ANSWER: Bile; gallbladderDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


92. Monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse into a brush border cell, where they form triglycerides and combine with proteins to form __________.ANSWER: lipoproteinsDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Objective Short Answer

93. Delivery of bile into the small intestine causes the __________ of fats, breaking them into smaller, more easily digested droplets.ANSWER: emulsificationDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: UnderstandREFERENCES: 39.7 Digestion and Absorption in the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


94. Multicelled, absorptive structures called __________ are on each fold of the small intestines.ANSWER: villiDIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: RememberREFERENCES: 39.6 Structure of the Small IntestineLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Subjective Short Answer

95. Chart the path of food through the human digestive system.ANSWER: Food would travel through the following components of the human digestive system in the order

listed: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and would finally be expelled out the anus.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 39.3 Overview of the Human Digestive SystemLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


96. If you place a plain, dry cracker in your mouth, you will slowly notice a sweet taste. Why?ANSWER: The cracker is made of starch, which by itself has little taste. However, the amylase in your saliva will

slowly digest the starch and liberate monosaccharides that will taste sweet.DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 39.4 Chewing and SwallowingLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.5 - Examine the process of mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth.

97. The liver is commonly damaged if drugs or other toxins are over consumed. Why?ANSWER: All substances enter the blood stream and travel directly to the liver. This is good, because the liver is

the organ responsible for detoxifying drugs and other dangerous substances. However, that also means that the liver is exposed to high levels of these toxins. As a result, the liver is subject to damage.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 39.9 Metabolism of Absorbed Organic CompoundsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


98. If you are seeking to maintain a healthy weight, should you be concerned about carbohydrate, fat or protein intake?ANSWER: You should be concerned about the intake of all three! While fats are the most calorie dense, all three

substances contain calories and will contribute to your total caloric intake. Where body mass is concerned, the source of the calories is less important than the total number of calories.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: AnalyzeREFERENCES: 39.11 What Should You Eat?LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.39.12 - Examine the various types of nutrients that humans require.


Documents

Chapter 39 - Digestion and Nutrition · Web view39.2 Animal Digestive Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.39.3 - Examine the diet-related structural adaptations that …