Chapter 38: The BiPolar World

AP World History – Kimberly Zerbst

What we are learning today… Vietnamese independence

– Ho Chi Minh Cold War Alliances Proxy Wars (Latin America, Africa, Asia) End of the USSR Anti-nuclear movement Cuban Missile Crisis

E. & W. are split

THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE

Iron Curtain Speech Winston Churchill

1946 Fulton Missouri Statement clearly

describing what was happening in Europe

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvax5VUvjWQ

Berlin Airlift

Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, ’48

From June 1948 to May 1949, U.S. and British planes airlift 1.5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin.

After 200,000 flights, the Soviet Union lifts the blockade.

Operation Vittles

All of the necessities for the city's 2.5 million residents -- an estimated 4,500 tons of food, coal and other materials each day -- had to enter the city by air.

On its biggest day, the "Easter parade" of April 16, 1949, the airlift sent 1,398 flights into Berlin -- one every minute.

Before it was all over, more than 278,000 flights would carry 2.3 million tons of relief supplies.

NATO/Warsaw Pact

Truman Doctrine: Using your edited version of the speech, highlight direct quotes to provide evidence for the following

statements

American policy following World War II was concerned with the middle east becoming communist.

The United States was creating a way for countries to choose democracy over communism.

Totalitarianism threatens peace and security for the US.

Poverty breeds communism

The United States is a superpower and has a responsibility to the people of the world to help them be free.

Marshall Plan

Sec. of State General George Marshall

$13 Billion in aid Offered to all

European countries New Deal for Europe

Checking for Understanding #1Describe the policy of

containment, including the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO as America’s response to Soviet expansionist policies.

Complete on a separate piece of paper – you will turn this in.

Space Race

1957 – Sputnik 1961 – Yuri Gagarin 1969 – Moon landing

Detente

Analyze this political cartoon – what is the artist describing?

Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty (1968-69)

SALT (1972)

War in Afghanistan (1979 – 1989)

Hot Spot

1980 - Solidarity On August 14, Lech Walesa led massive

strikes at the Lenin shipyards in Gdansk, Poland.

The strikes soon spread to other cities and formed the nucleus of the Solidarity movement.

The communist government conceded to worker demands on August 31, and recognized their right to form unions and strike.

1983 - Star Wars March 23, Reagan outlinrd his Strategic

Defense Initiative, or "Star Wars," a space-based defensive shield that would use lasers and other advanced technology to destroy attacking missiles far above the Earth's surface.

Soviets accuse the U.S of violating the 1972 Antiballistic Missile Treaty.

Soviets forced to spend heavily to match the program causing near economic collapse.

1985 - Gorbachev comes to power On March 11, Mikhail Gorbachev came

to power in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev ushered in an era of reform.

– perestroika • Economic reform- restructuring

– glasnost– means openness, allowed greater free

expression and criticism of Soviet policies

1989 - Berlin Wall falls Gorbachev renounced the Brezhnev

Doctrine, which pledged to use Soviet force to protect its interests in Eastern Europe.

On September 10, Hungary opened its border with Austria, allowing East Germans to flee to the West.

After massive public demonstrations in East Germany and Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall fell on November 9.

Fall of Berlin Wall

Militarism: cold war hot spotUnited States

Made a stronger military Increased weapon strength Built nuclear weapons Developed a hydrogen

bomb Increased math & science

education Started NASA Launched a satellite Landed on the moon in

1969

Russia Made a stronger military Increased weapon

strength Built nuclear weapons Developed a hydrogen

bomb Launched a satellite Increased math &

science education

Checking for Understanding #2 From the end of World War II to the 1980’s

provide evidence identifying the changes and continuities in US-Soviet relations– Example:

• 1945 – Soviet & US soldiers hold parties celebrating the end of the war

• 1948 – Soviet troops cut of all roads leading to Berlin

THE COLD WAR IN ASIA

Korea

The Japanese were driven out of Korea after WWII

The North became communist

The South became democratic

Korean War, 1950-1953 The U.S., led by

President Truman and the United Nations sent troops to support South Korea

The USSR gave money and weapons to North Korea

Korea: Cold War Hot Spot

N. & S. Korea fought to a stalemate

Korea was divided at the 38th parallel

38th parallel made into a demilitarized zone

Thich Quang Duc June 11, 1963 What was Duc

protesting? Why do you think he

chose this method of protest?

How did Duc’s protest change France’s ability to lead?

Vietnam (1954-1975: Cold War Hot

Spot The French wanted

their colony of Vietnam back

Ho Chi Minh fought back for the Vietnamese

Domino Theory

If one country falls to communism all the surrounding countries will become communist.

Dien Bien Phu After a long siege,

Vietnamese communists under Ho Chi Minh defeat French colonial forces at Dien Bien Phu on May 7.

In July, the Geneva Accords divide the country at the 17th parallel, creating a North and South Vietnam.

The United States assumes the chief responsibility of providing anti-communist aid to South Vietnam.

South Vietnam

General Ngo Dinh Diem led the South– Terrible corruption– Supported by the US

• Support increased every year through the 1950’s and 1960’s

• Americans sent weapons, advisors, and eventually soldiers

1968 - Tet Offensive Viet Cong guerrillas

and North Vietnamese Army troops launched attacks across South Vietnam on January 30, the start of the lunar new year Tet.

In March, Johnson orders a halt to the U.S. bombing of North Vietnam and offers peace talks.

1969 - Vietnamization

1968, Richard Nixon elected President, defeating Hubert Humphrey

On June 8, 1969 U.S. President Nixon announced his "Vietnamization" plan, designed to withdraw U.S ground forces from Vietnam and turn control of the war over to South Vietnamese forces.

1973 - Vietnam War agreement (Paris Accords) January 27, 1973, the United States,

South Vietnam, North Vietnam and the Viet Cong sign the Paris Peace Treaty, establishing a cease-fire.

The United States is allowed to continue providing aid to South Vietnam.

Saigon falls to the communists in April 1975

1975 - Cambodia

Communist Khmer Rouge take power in Cambodia, April 16 1975.

Cambodia's educated and urban population forced into the countryside as part of a state experiment in agrarian communism.

Under the regime of Pol Pot, as many as 3 million Cambodians died from 1975 to 1979.

“The Killing Fields”

Tiananmen Square (1989)

Student led protest

Checking for Understanding #3

Explain how cold war responses were different in Europe and Asia?

Identify a primary source document that could help us understand why those responses were different.

THE COLD WAR IN THE AMERICAS

Dictators & Exploitation

Juan Peron – Argentina (1946-1955, 1973/74)

Augusto Pinochet – Chile (1973-1980’s)

Institutional Revolutionary Party – PRI 1950’s – 1980’s

Nicaraguan Revolution

Sandanistas Contras Iran-Contra affair

– Col. Ollie North

Cuban Missile Crisis: Cold War Hot Spot

1962 An American spy plane discovered Soviet nuclear missiles being assembled in Cuba

That’s really close!

President Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba and negotiate with the USSR

Nuclear war was avoided

THE COLD WAR IN AFRICA

AfricaNationalists in Africa began to demand independence from European rule

Problems for Independent Africa

Dictatorship– Idi Amin (Uganda

1971-1979) Corruption Failure to

modernize/diversify Pawns Rapid population

growth/food shortages

HIV/AIDS pandemic Cultural/linguistic

disunity Ethnic conflict Militarism Treatment of women

Checking for Understanding #4 Define/explain the following in your own

words:– Détente– Domino theory– Perestroika– Glastnost– Marshall Plan– Truman Doctrine– Cold war

Did you get it?

Vietnamese independence– Ho Chi Minh

Cold War Alliances Proxy Wars (Latin America, Africa, Asia) End of the USSR Anti-nuclear movement Cuban Missile Crisis