Chapter 37

The Eisenhower Era

I. Affluence and Its Anxieties

A) Home constructionB) Electronics (first computer)C) Women’s roles

-back home-The Feminine Mystique

II. Consumer Culture

A) First Credit CardB) TVC) Televangelists (Billy Graham)D) Rock ‘n’ rollE) The Organization Man

III. The Advent of Eisenhower

A) 1952-Stevenson v. Eisenhower“I like Ike”Nixon-Checkers speech

B) Korea-7 months after becoming president-54k died-billions spent

IV. Rise and Fall of Joseph McCarthy

A) McCarthy-accused dems of being communistB) McCarthyism-suspicion and fear of

communismC) Army-McCarthy Hearings-McCarthy cut his

own throat

V. Desegregating American SocietyA) Jim Crow Laws-segregation in South

B) Lynching of 6 WWII vets

C) Emmett Till-mobbed for leering a white woman

D) Paul Robeson-spread word of maltreatment in US in Europe

E) Jackie Robinson-broke color barrier by being drafted by Dodgers in 1947

F) Rosa Parks-12/55-arrested for not moving

G) Montgomery Bus Boycott-year long boycott-no longer living by white absurdities

VI. Seeds of the Civil Rights Revolution

A) Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)-Reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson-only branch to deal with segregation-2 years later, only 2% desegregated in schools

B) Central High School-Little Rock-1957-federal students sent in to escort 9 students

C) MLK Jr.-Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957

-black churches tied to civil rights

D) Sit-in movement in Greensboro NC-demanded service at white’s only diner

E) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

VII. Eisenhower Republicanism at Home

A) Eisenhower-small gov’t-transfer of offshore oil to state gov’ts-curb TVA-condemned anti-polio vaccine as Socialist

B) Operation Wetback-removed 1 million Mexicans back to Mexico

in 1954 as they undermined the Bracero program

C) Tried to terminate Indian tribes as legal entities

D) Federal Highway Act of 1956-necessary for defense (incase of Soviet

invasion)-$27 billion for 42k miles of roads-destroyed downtowns in major cities

VIII. A “New Look” in Foreign Policy

A) Policy of Boldness-use Strategic Air Command to carry nuclear bombs to flatten cities

B) Nikita Khrushchev-rejected Ike’s open skies for inspection plan

C) Hungarian Uprising-1956-fell on deaf American ears as the Soviets crushed them

IX. The Vietnam Nightmare

A) French controlled Indochina-Ho Chi Minh-freedom-inspired by Wilson and FDR-went communist

B) Battle of Dien Bien Phu-French lost-Vietnam divided-elections in 2 years-US Supported Ngo Dinh Diem of South -elections never game-guerilla warfare heating up

X. Cold War Crises in Europe and the Middle East

A) 1955-Warsaw Pact

B) 1955-Soviets withdrew from Austria

C) Suez Crisis-Nasser wanted dam on Nile-US withdrew offer to finance after he flirted with the Soviets-declared Suez Canal nationalized-France and England send it troops-US refuses support-Gain for Egypt

D) Iran-US put Shah in place to keep oil interests in 1953

E) OPEC-1960-Middle East’s new control on Western Nations

XI. Round Two for Ike

A) Ike vs Adlai Stevenson again-he won 457 to 73 in the electoral college

B) Landrum-Griffin Act-1959-Labor Unions had pay consequences for financial shenanigans and bullying tactics

C) Sputnik-10/4/57-launched by USSR-inspired National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

in 58 for study of sciences and languages

XII. The Continuing Cold War

A) Stop testing of nuclear weaopons-damaging the atmosphere-both US and USSR stopped

B) Spirit of Camp David-USSR to leave Berlin

C) Paris Summit-spirit died—American plane shot down in USSR

XIII. Cuba’s Castroism Spells Communism

A) US not giving aid to its southern neighbors-supporting dictators who claim to be fighting

communism

B) Fulgencio Batista-Cuban dictator-huge investments of American capital

C) Fidel Castro-successful revolution-seized American lands-US-embargo-broke diplomatic relations in 1961

XIV. Kennedy Challenges Nixon for the Presidency

A) Nixon (R) -VP for Eisenhower-kitchen debate-American consumerism better

than Soviet economic planningB) John F. Kennedy (D)

-Roman Catholic-won via TV-helped portray his image-303 electoral votes but only by 118.5k popular

C) Democrats control both houses of Congress

XV. An Old General Fades Away

A) Eisenhower-universally admired

B) Vetoed Democratic Congress 169 times

C) St. Lawrence Seaway opened up

D) Woven in New Deal Programs

E) Admitted AK and HI into the US

XVI. A Cultural Renaissance

A) NY-art capital of the world after WWII

B) Jackson Pollock-abstract expressionism-modern art

C) Pop music

D) International Style Architecture-UN headquarters, Sears Tower, and John Hancock Tower

E) JFK Airport and Gateway Arch

F) Gains in Literature-John Steinbeck- “East of Eden”-Rabbit Series-John Updike-Ezra Pound-Beat Poets-Robert LowellTennessee Williams-”A Streetcar Named Desire”-Arthur Miller “Death of a Salesman”-J.D. Salinger “The Catcher in the Rye”

G) Southern Renaissance-life in south after war-William Faulkner