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Chapter 37
Stair Construction and Layout
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Links for Chapter 37
Stair Terminology
Straight Stairs
Open Stairway
U-Shaped
Exterior Stairs
Related Web Sites
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Stair Terminology
• Run - Horizontal distance from end to end of the stairs
• Rise - Vertical distance from top to bottom of the stairs
• Tread - Horizontal step of the stairs
• Riser - Vertical backing between the treads
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Stair Terminology• Stringer or stair jack - Support for the treads• Kick block or kicker - Used to keep bottom of
stringer from sliding on the floor• Headroom - Vertical distance measured from
tread nosing to wall or floor above stairs• Handrail - Railing to slide hand on• Guardrail - Railing between stair opening
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Stair Terminology
TOTAL RUN
RISER
TREAD
GYPSUM BOARDFIRE RETARDANT
UNDER STAIRUSEABLE SPACE
STRINGERS
SOLID BLOCKING
AND STAIRFOR FLOORSUPPORT
IN BACK GROUNDLINE OF GUARD RAIL
KICKBLOCK
ABOVE NOSING38" MAXIMUM34" MINIMUMHANDRAIL
VERTICAL RAILS( TYP. 4" CLEAR MAX.)
FLOOR JOIST
INDIVIDUAL
RUN
(TYPE 'X') @ ALL
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Determining Rise and Run
• Total Rise = Floor to ceiling height + floor joist + depth of floor covering
• Number or risers = Divide total rise by maximum rise (7 3/4”)
• Number of treads = Number of risers - 1
• Total run = Tread width x number of treads
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Straight Stair Layout
• Lay out Procedures– Lay out walls that may be near stairs
– Lay out each floor level
– Lay out one end of the stairs
– Calculate and lay out total number of risers and treads
– Lay out stringer and outline treads and risers
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Straight Stair LayoutSTEP 1
STEP 1
STEP 4
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 2
STEP 5
STEP 6
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Straight Stair Layout
STEP 7
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Straight Stair Layout• Drawing Stairs with Finished-Quality Lines
– Draw treads, risers, and stringers– Draw metal hangers– Draw kick block, support walls, and solid
blocking– Draw 5/8” type X gypsum board– Draw floors or walls over the stairs– Draw handrail
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Straight Stair Layout
STEP 8
STEP 10
STEP 9
STEP 16
STEP 17
STEP 13
STEP 15
STEP 14
STEP 12
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Straight Stair Layout
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Open Stairway Layout
• An open stairway is the same as a straight enclosed stairway, except there are no risers
• Improves venting and air-circulation
• Creates an open feeling in the room
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Open Stairway Layout
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U-Shaped Layout
• A landing is located midway up the stairs so the direction can change by 180°
• Open or enclosed stairs may be used
• Additional planning is necessary for accurate placement of the landing
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U-Shaped Layout
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U-Shaped Layout
2 x 6 D.F.P.T. SILL W/
2 x 2 OAK VERT. @
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Exterior Stairs
• Necessary in multi-level homes• There is no riser• Tread is thicker than an interior tread• Decking material with nonskid surface should
be used for construction• In concrete stairs, the risers are angled at 10°
and not labeled
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Exterior Stairs
STAIR SECTION3/8" 1'-0"
10 1/2"
3 - 2 x 4 TREADS LAID
2 x 12 STRINGERS @16" O.C.
2 x 6 D.F.P.T. SILL W/3 RAMSET FASTENERS
12"
STAIR SECTION3/8" 1'-0"
2 x 8 W/ U26MTL. HGR.
2 x 8 F.J. @16" O.C.
4" CONC. FLATWORKW/ EXP. AGG. FINISHOVER 4" GRAVEL FILL
FLAT W/ 1/4" GAP
4" CONC. FLATWORKW/ EXP. AGG. FINISHOVER 4" GRAVEL FILL
THICKEN SLABTO 8" AT EDGE
# 4 @ EA. TREAD
4" MIN
& PROVIDE # 4TOP & BTM. OFSTAIR RUN
2 x 4 REDWOOD DECKINGLAID FLAT W/ 1/4" GAP
7'-0" TOTAL RUN
6'-1 1/2" TOTAL RUN
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Exterior Stairs
STAIR SECTION3/8" 1'-0"
10 1/2"
3 - 2 x 4 TREADS LAID
2 x 12 STRINGERS @16" O.C.
2 x 6 D.F.P.T. SILL W/3 RAMSET FASTENERS
12"
STAIR SECTION3/8" 1'-0"
2 x 8 W/ U26MTL. HGR.
2 x 8 F.J. @16" O.C.
4" CONC. FLATWORKW/ EXP. AGG. FINISHOVER 4" GRAVEL FILL
FLAT W/ 1/4" GAP
4" CONC. FLATWORKW/ EXP. AGG. FINISHOVER 4" GRAVEL FILL
THICKEN SLABTO 8" AT EDGE
# 4 @ EA. TREAD
4" MIN
& PROVIDE # 4TOP & BTM. OFSTAIR RUN
2 x 4 REDWOOD DECKINGLAID FLAT W/ 1/4" GAP
7'-0" TOTAL RUN
6'-1 1/2" TOTAL RUN
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Related Web Sites
• Stairways, Inc. - www.stairwaysinc.com
• Southern Staircase - www.southernstaircase.com
• The Iron Shop - www.theironshop.com
