Chapter 35

What’s Going Down

+ First Aid?+ EMS+ Good Samaritan+ Plan+ Universal Precautions

+ Primary Concerns+ Secondary Concerns+ Types of Injuries+ Treatment

FIRST AID

The immediate, temporary care given to

an ill or injured person until professional

medical care can be provided.

E M S

Emergency Medical Services+ Doctors+ Nurses+ First Responders+ EMT’s+ 911 Dispatcher+ Police+ Firemen

Your Role in the EMS System

1) Recognize that an emergency exists

2) Decide to act

3) Call 911

4) Provide care until help arrives

Good Samaritan Law

Legal protection to people who provide emergency care to ill or injured persons.

Acts reasonable and prudent.

Plan

Three C’s:

+ Check

+ Call

+ Care

Check

+ Is the scene safe?

+ What happened?

+ How many victims are involved?

+ Can bystanders help?

WARNING

DO NOT MOVE A VICTIM UNLESS THEY

ARE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER!

Call

+ 911

+ Emergency phone numbers

+ Info for Dispatcher+ Exact location+ Telephone #+ What happened+ # of victims+ Condition of victim(s)+ What help is being given

Universal Precautions(BSI)

Actions taken to prevent the spread of disease by treating all blood and other

body fluids as if they contained pathogens.

+ Gloves

+ Face Shields

+ Masks

+ Gowns

Care

+ Get permission to help victim

+ Care for life-threatening emergencies 1st

+ Calm / reassure victim

+ Watch for changes in victims breathing

+ Help victim rest comfortably

Primary Concerns

+ Breathing

+ Signs of Circulation

+ Bleeding

Open Wounds

+ Abrasion: scrape – damage to the outer layer of skin

+ Laceration: cut – caused by a sharp edge objects (knife, glass)

+ Puncture: wound caused when pointed object pierces skin (pin, nail)

+ Avulsion: results when tissue is separated partly from person’s body

First Aid for Bleeding

1. Stop the bleeding• Direct pressure, pressure points, elevate

2. Protect the wound

3. Treat for shock

4. Get Help

Shock

Failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulation to the vital

organs of the body.

Keep victim calm, lie them down, maintain normal body temperature, get medical help ASAP. Elevate legs if possible.

Secondary Concerns

+ Burns+ Nosebleeds+ Frostbite+ Heat Emergencies+ Snakebites

+ Fractures+ Sprains+ Unconsciousness+ Concussion

Burns

First DegreeSuperficial burns, top

layer of skin.

Ex. sunburn

Tx: Cool water

Second DegreeSeveral layers of skin

involved

Blisters

Tx: Cool water.Beware of infection

around broken blisters

Third Degree Burns

• Most serious type of burn• Can destroy all layers of skin as well as

nerves, muscles, fat and bones. The burn will look black or brown (red and white).

• Tx: Do not clean burned area. Cover with clean cloth and get help ASAP. Watch for breathing.

Frostbite

• Don’t rub the area.

• Soak area in warm water.

• Bandage the injured part, placing sheets of gauze between the warmed fingers and toes.

• Seek professional help.

Heat Emergencies HEATSTROKE

Look for lack of perspiration and vomiting, confusion,

irregular pulse. Victim may lose consciousness.

*Get victim to a cool area.*Place icepacks around the

neck, groin and under the arms.

*Get medical help.

HEAT CRAMPS

Move victim out of the heat.

Apply pressure to the cramped area.

Give the victim sips of water or a sports

drink.

Snakebites

• Go to hospital/call for help

• Keep bitten area below the heart

• No cold! No alcohol, sedatives or aspirin!

• Watch breathing.

FRACTURES• Keep the bone ends from moving.

(splint, rolled newspapers, cardboard)

• Don’t try to set the bone.

• Seek medical help immediately.

SPRAINS

R I C EREST

ICE

COMPRESSION

ELEVATION

ConcussionA jarring injury to the brain that affects normal brain function.

Tx: Monitor breathing, heart rate, seek help

UnconsciousnessCondition in which a person is not

alert and aware of his or her surroundings (Fainting)

Tx: Lie victim down, elevate legs, seek help. Monitor breathing & circulation

Basic Wound Care

Practice

Remember when your mom told you not to run with the scissors and forks