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Chapter 35 Section 5China: Reform and Reaction
In response to contact with the West, China’s government has experimented with capitalism
but has rejected calls for democracy. Do Now: List 5 characteristics of a communist
government.
The Legacy of Mao
Problems with Mao’s Rule:• Mao wants to improve China’s economy but
cannot• His policies, a lack of modern technology,
prevents economic growth• He launches the Cultural Revolution in 1960s
– To revive Communist Spirit– Actually turns many people against Communism
• Zhou Enlai- leader in early 1970s- pursues moderate policies
China and the West
China Opened its Doors
• Zhou worries that China is too isolated from the rest of the world
• In 1971, US and China begin closer relations
Reform• In 1976, Mao and
Zhou die• Moderates take
control of Communist Party
• Deng Xiaoping- becomes leader of China by 1980
Deng’s Policies
• Four Modernization-– Deng’s plan for economic progress– Policy reverses strict Communist policies
backed by Mao
Unforeseen Problems• Reforms lead to some unrest over
privileges of Communist leaders• Western political ideas enter China,
encouraging democracy
Students Demand Democracy: Tiananmen Square Massacre
• In 1989, students protest in Tiananmen Square- public area of Beijing
Deng Orders a Crackdown• Deng orders army to surround square and
attack protesters• Attack leaves hundreds dead and
thousands wounded• Government begins large scaled
campaign to end dissent
China enters the New Millennium
China under Jiang
• In 1997, Deng dies; Jiang Zemin takes power
• Hard liners want Jiang to move away from Deng’s reforms
• In 2002, Jiang steps down in favor of Zhu Rongji
• Both Jian and Zhu favor continued reforms
Transfer of Hong Kong
• Hong Kong – former British colony– City in China– Major economic power
• In 1997, Britain gives Hong Kong back to China
China Beyond 2000: Economics & Politics
• Economic reforms reduce poverty in China
• China’s economy begins to prosper, even though others are suffering
• Many in China want political reforms
• China is becoming more involved with other countries