Chapter 34Chapter 34Post-Cold War Post-Cold War

AmericaAmerica

George Herbert George Herbert Walker BushWalker Bush

George Bush, the Elder, George Bush, the Elder, became president in became president in 19881988, , defeating Dem. Mike defeating Dem. Mike Dukakis, Gov. of Mass. Dukakis, Gov. of Mass.

Bush promised “no Bush promised “no new new taxestaxes.”.”

During his administration the During his administration the Cold WarCold War came to a came to a screeching halt with the fall screeching halt with the fall of the of the Berlin WallBerlin Wall and the and the collapse of communism in collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the Eastern Europe and the USSR.USSR.

PanamaPanama In 1989, Bush sends In 1989, Bush sends

troops to troops to PanamaPanama to to capture dictator capture dictator Manuel Noriega, whose Manuel Noriega, whose National Assembly National Assembly declared a “state of declared a “state of war” on the U.S. war” on the U.S.

Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf War

Iraq in Iraq in debtdebt because of war because of war with Iranwith Iran

Aug 2, 1990Aug 2, 1990 Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein

orders troops to orders troops to seize seize KuwaitKuwait to to take take oiloil

Threaten to take Threaten to take Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia

1991 Persian1991 Persian Gulf War Gulf War

The The U.N.U.N. and U.S. had set a and U.S. had set a deadline of January 15 for Iraqi deadline of January 15 for Iraqi withdrawal. Saddam refuses.withdrawal. Saddam refuses.

Bush gets support of UN and Bush gets support of UN and Congress to launch Operation Congress to launch Operation Desert StormDesert Storm To liberate To liberate KuwaitKuwait

Jan 16, 1991Jan 16, 1991 Massive air strikes on IraqMassive air strikes on Iraq

Feb 23Feb 23 Launch ground troop into IraqLaunch ground troop into Iraq Hussein set the Kuwaiti oil Hussein set the Kuwaiti oil

fields on fields on firefire.. Feb 28Feb 28

Bush announces war overBush announces war over US US WINSWINS

““It’s the Economy, Stupid”It’s the Economy, Stupid” Unemployment tops Unemployment tops 6.1%6.1%.. 1992 Proposed Budget is 1992 Proposed Budget is

$1.4 Billion and the Deficit $1.4 Billion and the Deficit exceeds $300 Billion.exceeds $300 Billion.

Bush refused to admit a Bush refused to admit a “recession.”“recession.”

The econ. downturn led to The econ. downturn led to a wide field of a wide field of DemocraticDemocratic candidates candidates seeking to challenge Bush seeking to challenge Bush in Nov. in Nov.

Clinton’s campaign Clinton’s campaign manager manager James CarvilleJames Carville reminded him, “It’s the reminded him, “It’s the EconomyEconomy, Stupid.”, Stupid.”

Election of 1992Election of 1992 ArkansasArkansas Governor Bill Clinton won the Governor Bill Clinton won the

Democratic nomination after allega-Democratic nomination after allega-tions of marital tions of marital infidelityinfidelity and draft- and draft- dodging. He chose fellow southerner dodging. He chose fellow southerner Al GoreAl Gore as as a running mate, winning several southern a running mate, winning several southern states.states.

Texas Billionaire Texas Billionaire H. Ross PerotH. Ross Perot entered the race entered the race as an independent and won as an independent and won 19%19% of the popular of the popular vote, but NO electoral votes.vote, but NO electoral votes.

Issues included free trade, Bush’s failed Issues included free trade, Bush’s failed promise not to raise taxes, nationalpromise not to raise taxes, national health care, character, and the national health care, character, and the national

debt.debt.

1992 Electoral Map1992 Electoral Map

William Jefferson ClintonWilliam Jefferson Clinton Became the Became the youngestyoungest President President

since Kennedy. (1993-2001)since Kennedy. (1993-2001) 11stst President of “ President of “Baby BoomersBaby Boomers”” ““Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” allows Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” allows gaysgays

in the military.in the military. Hillary ClintonHillary Clinton is named to head a is named to head a

commission for universal health commission for universal health care, but her proposal care, but her proposal failsfails in in Congress. Congress.

NAFTANAFTA (North American Free Trade (North American Free Trade Agreement) eliminates Agreement) eliminates tariffstariffs between U.S., Mexico and Canada.between U.S., Mexico and Canada. Pro-NAFTAPro-NAFTA

Create jobs and help economyCreate jobs and help economy Anti-NAFTAAnti-NAFTA

Move jobs to MexicoMove jobs to Mexico Don’t follow US pollution lawsDon’t follow US pollution laws

Clinton’s Foreign PolicyClinton’s Foreign Policy

Israel’s Yitzak Rabin and the PLO’s Israel’s Yitzak Rabin and the PLO’s Yassir ArafatYassir Arafat sign a peace accord. sign a peace accord.

Britain and Britain and N. IrelandN. Ireland sign a peace sign a peace pact in 1995. pact in 1995.

Lifting of the embargo on trade with Lifting of the embargo on trade with Vietnam. Vietnam.

Air strikes against Iraq in 1998. Air strikes against Iraq in 1998.

Foreign Policy ChallengesForeign Policy Challenges Bosnia suffered conflict Bosnia suffered conflict

from Serbs who began from Serbs who began ““ethnic cleansingethnic cleansing”” Serbs (Christian) Serbs (Christian) killedkilled

BosniansBosnians (Muslim) (Muslim) 1995 Clinton sends 1995 Clinton sends

troops to enforce a troops to enforce a peacepeace

19981998 Air strikes onAir strikes on KosovoKosovo

after Yugoslavian after Yugoslavian Pres. Slobodan Pres. Slobodan

Milosevic conducted Milosevic conducted genocidegenocide Serbs attack Albanians in Serbs attack Albanians in

KosovoKosovo US and NATO use US and NATO use air air

strikesstrikes to push Serbs to push Serbs outout

You Tube: “Behind Enemy You Tube: “Behind Enemy Lines” TrailerLines” Trailer

PoliticsPolitics Republicans Control Republicans Control

CongressCongress Congressman Newt Congressman Newt GingrichGingrich

tries bring anti-Clinton voters to tries bring anti-Clinton voters to RepublicansRepublicans

Wrote Wrote Contract with AmericaContract with America 10 items promised to get done if 10 items promised to get done if

Republican Republican won controlwon control of of CongressCongress

1994 election1994 election Republicans got control of Republicans got control of bothboth

houseshouses Congress refused to pass many Congress refused to pass many

Clinton lawsClinton laws Clinton wins a landslide re-Clinton wins a landslide re-

election in 1996 against election in 1996 against Senate Majority Leader Senate Majority Leader Bob DoleBob Dole. .

ScandalScandal While investigating While investigating

Whitewater, Ken Starr Whitewater, Ken Starr uncovered a relationship uncovered a relationship that Clinton had with a that Clinton had with a White House intern, White House intern, Monica Monica LewinskiLewinski. .

When it was discovered that When it was discovered that Clinton lied about the Clinton lied about the relationship under oath in relationship under oath in the Paula Jones civil case, the Paula Jones civil case, the Republican Congress the Republican Congress moved to moved to impeachimpeach Clinton. Clinton.

Although the House Although the House impeached Clinton on two impeached Clinton on two counts of counts of perjuryperjury and and subborning perjury, a vote in subborning perjury, a vote in the the SenateSenate acquitted him of acquitted him of the charges. the charges.

Clinton is the Clinton is the 22ndnd President President to be impeached (after to be impeached (after Andrew Johnson)Andrew Johnson)

1990s Economy1990s Economy 1998: Federal 1998: Federal

Budget Budget SurplusSurplus for for the first time in 30 the first time in 30 years. years.

Unemployment was Unemployment was down to a down to a 24 year 24 year lowlow..

Stock market soared Stock market soared in “in “bull marketbull market”. ”. The NYSE broke The NYSE broke

10,000 barrier. 10,000 barrier. The economic The economic

boom was based boom was based largely on the largely on the NASDAQ tech NASDAQ tech stocks such as stocks such as “dotcoms.” “dotcoms.”

Consumer Consumer confidence at a 30 confidence at a 30 year high.year high.

Monetary PolicyMonetary Policy Federal Reserve Chair Federal Reserve Chair Alan Alan

GreenspanGreenspan was very was very influential in the economic influential in the economic boom of the 1990s. (1986-boom of the 1990s. (1986-2005)2005)

Loose monetary policy = Loose monetary policy = lowering interest rates and lowering interest rates and increasing money in increasing money in circulation to inspire circulation to inspire consumer spending. (jump-consumer spending. (jump-starting the economy)starting the economy)

Tight monetary policy = Tight monetary policy = increasing interest rates and increasing interest rates and decreasing money in decreasing money in circulation to discourage circulation to discourage consumer spending. (applying consumer spending. (applying the breaks to the economy)the breaks to the economy)

Election of 2000Election of 2000 Clinton’s VP Clinton’s VP Al GoreAl Gore. won the Dem. nomination. won the Dem. nomination TX Gov. TX Gov. George W. BushGeorge W. Bush, son of the former , son of the former

president, won the Rep. nomination.president, won the Rep. nomination. The election ended in a stalemate in The election ended in a stalemate in FloridaFlorida, ,

where Democrats demanded a where Democrats demanded a recountrecount. . New words:New words: hanging chad, dimpled chad, hanging chad, dimpled chad,

pregnantpregnant chad, and butterfly ballots. chad, and butterfly ballots.

Election of 2000Election of 2000 After weeks of indecision, After weeks of indecision,

the the Supreme CourtSupreme Court ordered (Bush v. Gore) an ordered (Bush v. Gore) an end to the manual recount end to the manual recount because they were not because they were not uniform, effectively uniform, effectively awarding the electoral votes awarding the electoral votes to to BushBush. . Court said this was the only Court said this was the only

time this could applytime this could apply Although Although GoreGore still won the still won the

popularpopular vote, Bush won the vote, Bush won the electoralelectoral vote and became vote and became president. president.

This is only the This is only the 44thth time in time in U.S. history this has U.S. history this has happened. (others: Adams happened. (others: Adams in 1824, Hayes in 1876, and in 1824, Hayes in 1876, and Harrison in 1888.Harrison in 1888.

2000 Electoral Map2000 Electoral Map

Terrorism and Terrorism and Striking BackStriking Back

After the attack on the After the attack on the World World Trade CenterTrade Center in NYC and the in NYC and the Pentagon in D.C., Bush’s foreign Pentagon in D.C., Bush’s foreign and domestic policy centered on and domestic policy centered on anti-terrorismanti-terrorism and national and national security. security.

After 9/11, the U.S. sent troops After 9/11, the U.S. sent troops to to AfghanistanAfghanistan, toppling to Al-, toppling to Al-Quaeda-friendly Quaeda-friendly TalibanTaliban regime, and then to Iraq, ending regime, and then to Iraq, ending Saddam Hussein’sSaddam Hussein’s rule. rule. Claimed there were WMDs in IraqClaimed there were WMDs in Iraq Evidence now shows there were Evidence now shows there were

no way Saddam could have themno way Saddam could have them

You Tube:60 Minutes-

The Hunt for Bin Ladin

A New World:A New World:President George W. Bush’s President George W. Bush’s

Foreign PolicyForeign Policy Declares that any countries who harbor Declares that any countries who harbor

terrorists are apart of the terrorists are apart of the Axis of EvilAxis of Evil North Korea, Iraq and IranNorth Korea, Iraq and Iran

Creates Department of Creates Department of Homeland SecurityHomeland Security Merges over 20 defense and intelligence agencies into Merges over 20 defense and intelligence agencies into

one departmentone department The The Patriot ActPatriot Act

The Act increases the ability of law enforcement The Act increases the ability of law enforcement agencies to search telephone, e-mail communications, agencies to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial and other records; medical, financial and other records;

Eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering Eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; within the United States;

Expands the Secretary of the Treasury’s authority to Expands the Secretary of the Treasury’s authority to regulate financial transactionsregulate financial transactions

Enhances the discretion of law enforcement and Enhances the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts

Domestic IssuesDomestic Issues

Passes Passes No Child Left BehindNo Child Left Behind Meant to create standards for hiring Meant to create standards for hiring

teachers, high stakes testing in core teachers, high stakes testing in core subjects, and school options for parentssubjects, and school options for parents

Passed $350million in tax cuts for the Passed $350million in tax cuts for the upper classupper class

MANY Business scandals occur that MANY Business scandals occur that send the economy going downsend the economy going down ENRON, Lymen Brothers, Washington-ENRON, Lymen Brothers, Washington-

MutualMutual

Important Important “Firsts”“Firsts”

Maya Angelou: 1Maya Angelou: 1stst woman and black to woman and black to speak at an speak at an inauguration (Clinton)inauguration (Clinton)

Madeleine Albright: Madeleine Albright: 11stst Female Secretary Female Secretary of State (Clinton)of State (Clinton)

Janet Reno: 1Janet Reno: 1stst Female Attorney Female Attorney General (Clinton)General (Clinton) • Colin Powell: 1st black

Secretary of State (G.W. Bush)•Condoleeza Rice: 1st black female Secretary of State (G.W. Bush)•Hillary Clinton: 1st First Lady to win election (NY)

The New EconomyThe New Economy

NASDAQNASDAQ A A technology technology

dominateddominated stock stock index on Wall Street index on Wall Street rose huge during the rose huge during the mid to late 90smid to late 90s

Many of the online Many of the online businessesbusinesses failedfailed and and many companies many companies went bankrupt went bankrupt causing the NASDAQ causing the NASDAQ to drop from 2000-to drop from 2000-20032003

The Information AgeThe Information Age Information Information

SuperhighwaySuperhighway LinkingLinking people together people together

through communication through communication devicesdevices

By 2003By 2003 131 million people used 131 million people used

emailemail By 2002By 2002

92% of public schools 92% of public schools had Internet accesshad Internet access

People can work out of People can work out of their homes now because their homes now because of all types of technology of all types of technology available to themavailable to them TelecommutingTelecommuting

International TradeInternational Trade By 1995 By 1995

international trade international trade accounted for ¼ of accounted for ¼ of our economyour economy

GAAT (General GAAT (General Agreement on Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)Tariffs and Trade) The US and several The US and several

other nations agreed other nations agreed to to lower tariffslower tariffs

Establish the Establish the World World Trade OrganizationTrade Organization (WTO)(WTO)

Purpose to resolve Purpose to resolve trade disputestrade disputes