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Chapter 34-3

The Excretory System

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Parts of the Excretory System

The organs

of the

excretory

systeminclude the

lungs and

the skin,

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Excretory System

however the

kidneys are

the mainexcretory

organ in the

body

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Kidneys (video clip on urinary

system) The

kidneys arethe 2 organs

which filter

out waste

products,excess

water and

salts from

the blood.

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=chhNaLi9P3Ehttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=chhNaLi9P3E

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Kidneys

The outer portion of the

kidney is called the

RENAL CORTEX and

the middle would bethe RENAL

MEDULLA and the

innermost part is the

RENAL PELVIS

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Kidneys

Each kidney contains

approx. 1,000,000

filtering units called

NEPHRONSVideo on Nephrons

http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=glu0dzK4dbUhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=glu0dzK4dbU

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Nephrons

The

nephrons

filter the

blood andremove

wastes

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Function of Nephron Filtration

glomerulus

Collecting

Tube

Bowmans Capsule

Loop of Henle To Ureter

Convoluted

Tubuleafferentarteriole

efferentarteriole

Descending

Loop

Ascending

loop

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Glomerulus

A glomerulus isa capillary tuftsurrounded byBowman's

capsule innephrons ofthe kidney..The

glomerulus isthe main filterof the nephron

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Bowmans Capsule Blood is transported into

the Bowman's capsulefrom the afferentarteriole Within thecapsule, the blood is

filtered through theglomerulus and thenpasses out via theefferent arteriole.

Meanwhile, the filteredwater and aqueouswastes are passed out ofthe Bowman's capsule

into the proximal

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Loop of Henle

This long tubulereabsorbs a lot of theremaining electrolyteselectrolytes (Elementsin the blood, such aspotassium and sodium)and water from theurine that remains afterleaving the proximal

tubule. It is alsoimportant in helping todilute or concentratethe urine later on.

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Collecting Tube Collecting ducts run

through the medullaand are surroundedby loops of Henl.The liquid in the

collecting ducts (ultra-filtrate) is turned intourine as water andsalts are removed

from it. It is called acollecting ductbecause it collects theliquid produced by

lots of nephrons.

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Try a quiz on the

nephron

http://phs.psdr3.org/science/anatomy/assess/nephronquiz.htmlhttp://phs.psdr3.org/science/anatomy/assess/nephronquiz.html

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Kidneys Disorders

Infections

kidney infectionsusually start in the

bladder. If yourresistance is low,germs from thebladder can travel upthe tubes (ureters)that lead to thekidneys treatment isgenerally antibiotics

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Kidneys Disorders

Nephritis

Inflammation of the

glomeruli which can

lead to inflammationof the entire kidney

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Kidneys Disorders

Kidney Stones

A kidney stone is a

hard mineral and

crystalline materialformed within the

kidney or urinary

tract.

May pass out with

flow of urine

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Kidneys Disorders

Polycystic Kidney

Disease

Polycystic kidney

disease (PKD) is agenetic disorder

characterized by the

growth of numerous

cysts in the kidneys.

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Kidney Disorders

Kidney Cancer.

In adults, the most

common type of

kidney cancer is renalcell carcinoma, which

begins in the cells

that line the small

tubes within yourkidneys.

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Kidney Treatments

Kidney Dialysis Dialysis treatment

replaces the function ofthe kidneys, whichnormally serve as thebody's natural filtrationsystem. The treatmentremoves waste productsand excess fluids fromthe bloodstream, while

maintaining the properchemical balance of theblood. There are 2 typesof dialysis ..

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Kidney Treatments

The first treatmentinvolves circulating thepatient's blood outside ofthe body A filter known as

a dialyzer (artificialkidney), and a dialysismachine that monitorsand maintains blood flowand administers

dialysate. Dialysate is achemical bath that isused to draw wasteproducts out of the blood.

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Kidney Treatments

The second type: A catheter issurgically inserted into thepatient's abdomen. Duringtreatment, the catheter is usedto fill the abdominal cavity with

dialysate. Waste products andexcess fluids move from thepatient's bloodstream into thedialysate solution. After awaiting period of six to 24hours, depending on the

treatment method used, thewaste-filled dialysate isdrained from the abdomen andreplaced with clean dialysate.

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Kidney Treatments

Kidney Transplant

Kidney

transplantation or

renaltransplantation is

the organ transplant

of a kidney either

from a living donor ora cadaver.

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Assessment

1. The kidneys

remove waste,

conserve water and

regulate salts.

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Assessment

1. Definitions

Nephron:Theindividual filtering unit

of the kidney; consistsof Bowman's capsule,the glomerulus, andthe renal tubule.

Urea:A nitrogenouswaste product ofmammals

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Assessment

3. 1. The filtrate collectedin the Bowman's capsuleflows into tubule

2. Capillaries network in

loop both reabsorb usefulmaterials and drain waste

3. Waste collects incollecting tube andpasses to ureters which

flows into the bladder andout of the body throughthe urethra

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Assessment

4. Filtration- the

process of removing

wastes from the blood

Reabsorption is theprocess of returning

useful materials such

s water to the

bloodstream