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1. The majority of the fine, absorbing roots of a tree are in the __ and __ horizons. O A
Chapter 3 Workbook
2. Driving vehicles across wet soil will ________ the soil and destroy soil _____ ______.
compact pore space
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3. ________________ is the soil property that resists change to the pH. Buffering capacity
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4. True/False - Negatively charged clay particles hold cations near their surface.
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5. In 1 foot of clay soil with 4 inches of water in the soil, approximately how many inches of water would be available to the tree?
One Inch.
This is available
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6. ____ ________ modifies the effects of soil texture as the soil particles form clumps or aggregates.
Soil structure
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7. True/False– Soil can hold water so tightly in micropores that the ability of tree roots to absorb the water is restricted.
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8. Soil texture refers to the relative coarseness or fineness of a soil. Rank the following from the finest texture (1) to the coarsest (3).
____silt ____clay ____sand
3 1 2
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9. On the pH scale:
- less than 7 is ______, - 7 is _______, - more than 7 is _______.
acidic neutral
alkaline
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10. True/False– Over time, mulching can improve soil structure, reduce compaction, and add organic matter to the soil.
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11. A pH of 5 is ____ more acidic than a pH of 7.
100
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12. The process in which ions of essential elements wash down through the soil profile and are lost is called _______. leaching
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13. Many essential elements are dissolved in soil water in the form of positively charged particles called ______. cations
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14. If the soil is too ______, iron and manganese may be in a chemical form that is unavailable to trees
alkaline
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15. The buffering capacity is the resistance of a soil to changes in pH. Clay soils and soils high in organic matter usually have a _____ buffering capacity. high
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16. The __________ is the zone of intense biological activity near the actively elongating roots.
rhizosphere
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17. The diversity of organisms living, moving, and interacting in the soil is often referred to as the ___ ____ ___. soil food web
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18. Water that drains from the macropores is called __________ water. Following drainage, the soil is said to be at ____ _______.
gravitational
field capacity
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19. True/False – Most soil organisms cause disease or decay in tree roots.
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20. True/False – Many tree roots exist in a symbiotic relationship with fungi that assist the tree in water and mineral absorption.
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Chapter 3 Matching __sand __buffering capacity __field capacity __rhizoshpere __macropores __mycorrhizae __CEC __clay __pH __micropores __gravitational water
A. “Fungus roots” B. Measure of acidity or alkalinity C. Fine-textured soil particles D. Water that drains from the
macropores E. Ability of a soil to attract and hold
cations F. Coarse-textured soil particles G. Ability to maintain pH H. Soil after gravitational water has
drained I. Soil zone immediately surrounding
roots J. Tend to be air filled K. Tend to be water filled
F GH I J A E C B K D
