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5/17/2018 Chapter 3-The Oppressive Acts - slidepdf.com
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Proclamation of 1763
• Closed the newly acquired landwest of the Appalachians to all
colonists• Colonists felt they had fought
for the right to settle this area
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The Sugar Act- 1764
• Replaced the Molasses Act- 1733 – A tax of sixpence per gallon imported from the
West Indies
– Hardly enforced by the British government
• British treasurer (George Grenville)lowered the duty to threepence a gallon –
Intention was to strictly enforce the tax – Argued that the Empire had aided the colonists in
their struggle against the French and Indians
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The Quartering Act of 1765
• Required colonists to givelodging and food toBritish soldiers nowstationed in America after
the French and Indian War
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The Stamp Act of 1765
–Required colonists to buya stamp for every legal
document, newspaper,pamphlet, almanac, privatelicense, or even playing
cards
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Colonial Reaction to theStamp Act
• Resulted in the Stamp Act Congresswho wrote a document declaring thatEnglish Parliament had no authority to
tax them without their representation inParliament
–The new colonial battle cry-
–
“No taxation without representation!”
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Colonial Reaction to theStamp Act
• Established the Sons of Liberty
–Formed by the richest and most
respectable colonists –Terrorized British agents who
enforced the Stamp Act
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The Declaratory Act- 1766
• Repeal of the Stamp Act- 1766 –Colonial pressure caused Parliament
to stop collecting this tax• Established the Declaratory Act
–Parliament declared their right to
make laws for the Americans “in allcases whatsoever”
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The Townshend Acts of
1767 • Tax on paint, lead, glass, paper, and tea
• Created Writs of Assistance
–
The right of customs officials to searchprivate homes and businesses to look forsmuggled goods
• Colonists responded with a boycott on
all taxed goods
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The Boston Massacre 1770
• Unruly Boston crowd of colonists began tothrow snowballs, sticks, and rocks at theBritish regulars stationed in their town
•
As the crowd grew more aggressive, thecolonists were fired upon by English soldiers
– Five killed, others were wounded
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The Boston Massacre 1770
• Colonial rebels turned the eventinto a propaganda opportunity – Paul Revere hastily created an engraving
depicting the event worse than what it was – Samuel Adams created the Committees of
Correspondence in which written articlesand letters spoke of the poor treatment of
the Bostonians by the British soldiers
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Townshend Acts Repealed
• Through pressure from thecolonists, the Townshend Acts
were repealed• Only the tax on tea remained
–Particularly egregious because of the
amount of tea that the colonistsdrank
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Townshend Acts Repealed • The situation was made worse by
the failing British East India
Company –Parliament seized upon the
opportunity to force the tea upon the
colonists and had the company sailtheir ships and product into theBoston Harbor
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The Boston Tea Party 1773
• Arranged by Samuel Adams,American colonists boarded
an English ship loaded withtea to be sold to the
colonists and dumped it allinto the Boston Harbor
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The Intolerable Acts- 1774
• British government reacts to the “Tea Party”
with two particularly harsh acts known as theCoercive Acts
• Boston Port Bill – Closed down the harbor and established martial
law within the colony
–Reduced elected assemblies’ powers
– Forbade towns to hold the meetings in which NewEngland towns normally conducted their affairs
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The Intolerable Acts- 1774 • Quebec Act
– Canceled all American colonial westernland claims by extending the boundaries
of Quebec• South to the Ohio River and west to the
Mississippi River
–
Established Catholicism as the mainreligion of the territory
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The First Continental Congress
• Philadelphia- September, 1774• Delegates from 12 colonies
– Georgia did not attend
•
Declared the Intolerable Acts null andvoid• Wrote a petition to the King of England
for fair and peaceful treatment
• Established an embargo againstEngland• Called on each colony to begin training
soldiers for their defense
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The First Continental Congress
• Created the Declaration and Resolves inwhich they argued…
– Ancestors were given rights as
Englishmen – Descendants deserve the same rights
– Representation in Parliament is an English
right – Recognized the king as their authority, but
not Parliament• No representation there