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Chapter 3 Structure of colonial administration
• What we learnt• Increasing hold of british parliament over the
East India Company with no change in the nature and purpose of governance.
• Traders interests were subordinated to the industrialist interest.
• Agencies or pillars of government –civil service
Chapter 4.RURAL LIFE AND SOCIETY
What we will learnAims and objectives of British land
revenue policy.
• Three new systems of lands rights: Permanent settlement(Zamindari), Ryotwari system and Mahalwari system.
• Impact of the three systems ,separately and collectively.
• Commercialization of agriculture.• Revolts of peasantry.
Permanent settlement
• Bihar and Bengal• It made status of Zamindars raised and now
hereditary. Owner of land.89% was required to pay and retain 11% with himself.
• If zamindars failed to collect the revenue then new zamindars appointed and revenue was fixed.
• Results: created new class,polictical allies of Britishers,wasteland came under cultivation,collection of taxes in oppresive manner
Mahalwari System
• Area: parts of North western province, punjab, Delhi ,central India and western U.P.
• Under this Villagers were put together into groups were called Mahal. Land revenue was fixed at 60 % of the product.
Ryotwari System
• Under this sytem no intermediary between state and peasantry.
• Revenue was collected with strictness.• Peasants had to borrow money to pay to the
money lenders
Impact of this systems.
• Britishers crushed entire agriculture economy.• Britishers created new class of zamindars.• Nothing was done to imporve the condition of
agriculture and peasnats.• High revenue was collected even though crops
failed.
• Prepare a table to show all the 3 land revenue system with its later impacts .
