Objectives:

1. Describe the Triangular Trade and how it affected American Society.

2. Analyze why slavery grows in America.

3. Explain the differences between the regions of the English Colonies as they develop.

• Population increase.– Settlers: 250,000 (1700) to 2,500,000 (1775)– Slaves: 28,000 to 500,000

• Colonial Economics and the Slave Trade.

The New England Colonies

• As population swells we see a need of more government.

• Agricultural / Pre-Industrial society.– Women married early had large families.– Question: Why? What does it mean to be

puritanical.

• Growth of Towns and Villages.• Subsistence Farming

Economics in New England

• Commerce– Waterpower, Lumber, Mills (Grain)– Cottage industry (The hidden economy of

women.)– Shipbuilding, Fishing, intra-colonial trade

• Triangular Trade

The Middle Passage

• Shipping Africans to the West Indies.

This plan above of a slave ship developed by Clarkson and his co-workers shocked the public when it appeared in 1789. It shows how 482 slaves could be packed on board the Brookes of Liverpool for the 6 to 8 week voyage to the West Indies. The Brookes actually carried 609 slaves on one voyage.

There is one final poignant link. Under the slave trade system people suffered to provide luxuries like sugar, chocolate, coffee and tea for our table at an affordable price. This was morally wrong but most people were not aware of their wrongdoing until the abolitionist campaign exposed it for what it was. Today the people who put those very same items on our table are suffering because they do not get a fair price for their produce. Again this is so we can buy these relative luxuries at an affordable price, again it is morally wrong and again people are not aware of it. Who today is going to point it out for them, and how?

Slavery

• Question: What Colony had made slavery illegal?

• Jamestown and Georgia.

The Southern Economy

• Because of the good soil and long growing season the South did not develop commerce or industry. The depended on English Merchants to manage their trade.

• Cultivated Large Farms – Plantations which needed a large unskilled labor force.

Tobacco and Rice and The Tidewater

• The cash crop of Maryland and Virginia was tobacco. However, overproduction would cause profits to fall. (Q. What economic law is this?) So, farmers began the switch to corn and wheat.

• The cash crop of South Carolina and Georgia was Rice. Rice cultivation is a very labor intensive and nasty. Imagine working in the rice fields all day standing in mud up to your knees. (Q. Do you think that you could get an indentured servant to do this?)

The Three Kings of the Southern Economy (1700 – 1860)

Backcountry

• Appalachian Mountain Foothills

• Small Farms Few Slaves• Outnumbered Large Plantation

Owners• Question: What is the basis of

power in the colonies and who would control the power and political influence?

Conclusion

• Majority of colonist, even in the South were not slave holders. However, much of the economy was either based on slave labor or indirectly through the slave trade.

• African Slaves brought with them their languages and cultures. They also brought with them the knowledge of cultivating Rice.

Section 2Government, Religion, and

Culture• The Glorious Revolution

• Mercantilism

• The Navigation Acts

• Differences in Colonial Governments

• Voting Rights

• America and the Great Awakening in more than religion.

The Glorious Revolution

• King James forced off the thrown in 1688 and Placed his daughter Mary and her husband, William of Orange on the thrown.

• Remember what happened to Chucky the First? The Parliament is getting more powerful.

• William and Mary sign the English Bill of Rights.

The English Bill of Rights

Mercantilism

• The English viewed its American Colonies as an economic recourse.

• The Colonies provided raw materials for English manufacturers, and a market for finished products.

• As a nations trade grows, it gold reserve As a nations trade grows, it gold reserve increase, and the nation becomes more increase, and the nation becomes more powerful.powerful.

The Navigation Acts1751 - 1763

• Series of acts (laws) that directed the flow of goods between England and the Colonies.

• Smuggling

• Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies.

• The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens.

• Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports.

Colonial Government

• Government in the colonies varies by the type of charter for that colony.

• Question: What are the three types of colonial charters?– Charter Colonies– Proprietary Colonies– Royal Colonies

Colonial Government

• As the colonies grew, so did the colonists views on government.

• Time and distance from the mother-country necessitated some form of government to be in place.

• The Crown also had the responsibility to enforce its laws on the colonies.

American ColoniesTypeCharter

Proprietary

Royal

ColonyConnecticut, Rhode Island

GovernmentGovernor and Legislature Elected by Colonists

NoteGreat Britain had the right to approve governor, but governor could not veto legislature.

Connecticut, Rhode Island

Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania

Proprietor selected the governor and upper house. Colonists Elected the Lower House

Proprietor free to rule.

GA, MA, NH, NJ, NY, NC, SC, VA

Directly Ruled by Britain.

King appointed Gov. and Upper House. Colonists elected the Lower House.

Get Out The Vote

Get Out The Vote

An American Culture

The Great Awakening

• What are they awaking to?

• A religious movement concentrated in New England and the Middle Colonies.

• They called for a re-birth, “A return to the strong faith of earlier days.

• Why would this movement not take hold in the South?

The Great Awakening

Jonathan Edwards

The Family is the Foundation of Colonial Society

Women:

Cooked, Made Butter and Cheese, Made Clothes, Tended Livestock, ect.

Men:

Worked the Fields, Built Houses and Barns, Represented Family in Community

Boys:

Indentured Servants or Apprentices

Young Women:

Maids, Cooks, Nurses, until married.

Colonists Valued Education and children were usually taught to read and write at home.

Pennsylvania and Massachusetts set up public school systems – by law.

Freedom of the Press The Internet of its Time

English Right of Free Speech

Zenger –v- Royal Gov

Q: What are some examples of Freedom of the Press where the majority of Americans would not agree with the ideas expressed?

Objectives:

1. Describe the Triangular Trade and how it affected American Society.

2. Analyze why slavery grows in America.

3. Explain the differences between the regions of the English Colonies as they develop.

An American Culture