Chapter 3 section 2 How Minerals Form

-How do minerals form from magma and lava?

-How do minerals form from water solutions?

• geode: rounded hollow rock that is lined with crystals

•Crystallization: the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with crystal structure.

A. Minerals from Magma and Lava

1. Minerals form as hot magma cools inside Earth, or as lava hardens on the surface.

2. When liquids cool to a solid state, they form crystals.

3. The size of the crystal depends on the rate at which magma cools.

B. Minerals From Solutions

1. When elements or compunds that are dissolved in water leave a solution, crystallization occurs.

2. They form underground and in bodies of water on Earth’s surface.

3. Minerals Form by Evaporation

-minerals form when solutions evaporate

-example: salt crystals

4. Minerals From Hot Water Solutions

-Minerals can form beneath the surface when dissolvedelements and compounds leave a hot water solution orwhen magma cools and hardens.