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LITERATURE REVIEW & MANAGINGRESEARCH MATERIALS

Nor Hashimah Hashim, Prof. Dr.

School of Educational Studies

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CHAPTER 3REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

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PURPOSE AND SCOPE

Involves systematically identifying, locating, and

analyzing documents pertaining to the research

topic.

The major purpose is to identify information that already exist about your

topic.

Point out research strategies, procedures, and instruments that have and have not been found to be

productive in investigating your topic.

A smaller, well organized review preferred.

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FAMOUS VS. INFAMOUS TOPICS

Usually provide enough references directly related to a

Usually require review of any study related in some

Heavily ResearchedAreas

Little Researched Topics

directly related to a topic.

Eliminate the need for reporting less related or secondary studies.

related in some meaningful way.

Researcher need to develop a logical framework and rationale for the study.

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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND THE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

•Construct review after starting study.

Qualitative researchers

Qualitative research review

•Demonstrate the underlying assumption behind the research question,

•Convince proposal reviewers that the researcher is knowledgeable.

•Provide the researcher with the opportunity to identify any gaps in the body of literature and how the proposed study may contribute to the existing body of knowledge.

•Help the qualitative researcher to refine research questions.

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CONDUCTING A LITERATURE REVIEW

Using your keywords, locate primary and secondary source that pertain to your research topic.

Identify and make a list of keywords to guide your literature search.

Write the literature review.

Analyze and organize your sources using a literature matrix.

Abstract your sources.

Evaluate your source for quality.

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IDENTIFYING KEYWORDS, IDENTIFYING, EVALUATING, AND

ANNOTATING SOURCES

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IDENTIFYING KEYWORDS

Most sources have Most sources have alphabetical subject indexes to help you locate information

on your topic.

A list of keywords should guide your literature search.

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IDENTIFYING YOUR SOURCES

•Encyclopedias, handbooks, and annual reviews found in libraries.

Narrow search of pertinent educational

•Various subject areas.

These resources provide broad overviews of issues

j

•An article or report written by the person who conducted the study.

Primary source

•A brief description of a study written by someone other than the original researcher.

Secondary source

Primary sources are preferred in the review. 9

SEARCHING FOR BOOK ON YOUR TOPIC IN

THE LIBRARY

Most libraries use an online

catalog s stem

Should familiarized

A keyword search uses catalog system

as well as collective

catalogs to access materials

from other libraries.

with library website and the

resources available within and beyond your

library.

terms or phrases pertinent to your

topic to search for and identify

potentially useful sources.

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Keyword searches can be focused by using the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT.

•Using AND or NOT narrows a search and reduces the number of sources identified.

•Using OR broadens the search and increases the number of sources.

•It is often best to start with a narrow search.

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STEPS FOR SEARCHING COMPUTER

DATABASES

Identify keywords related to topic.

• some databases using the same interface may allow you to search more than one database simultaneously.

Select the appropriate databases

Initiate a search using keywords selectively.

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Reformulate your search using appropriate subject headings or descriptors combining terms as is appropriate.

Once you have found the relevant article:

• Check the item record for links to additional subject heading or descriptors, author (s),

• Cited references, • Times cited in databases, • Or other references for finding additional related items

using the features within the database.16

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SEARCHING THE INTERNET AND THE

WORLD WIDE WEB

The Internet links organizations and individuals all over the world. The World Wide Web (www) is on the internet.

To access the Internet, you need a computer with a modem or Ethernet / cable line and a browser that connects to the WebEthernet / cable line and a browser that connects to the Web.

The available resources on the www are almost limitless, so the best way to become familiar with its use is to ‘surf’ in your spare time.

The Web contains a variety of sites relevant to an educational researcher. Each site is reached by using its Internet address.

Search engines have established subcategories and allow keyword searches to review large portions of the www quickly.

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BECOMING A MEMBER OF PROFESSIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS

The websites for f

Examples of popular professional

organizations includes Association for professional

organizations maintain links to current research

in a particular discipline.

Association for Supervision and

Curriculum Development, National Council for the Social

Studies, and the International Reading

Association.

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EVALUATING SOURCES

What was the problem

statement of the study?

Is the study relevant given your research

interests?

Who was studied?

Where was the source

published?

When was the study conducted?

How was the study conducted?

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ANNOTATING SOURCES

locating,

reviewing Involves creating

summaries by

reviewing,

summarizing, and

classifying your

references.20

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The main advantage of b i i ith th l t t

Annotation assess

• the quality, • relevance,

ANNOTATING SOURCES

beginning with the latest references on your topic is

that the most recent studies are likely to have profited from previous research.

• and accuracy of a source

Annotation articulate your response to a source,

Indicate why the source is important to your research.

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For each source work,

list the

Make a copy of your f

A helpful way to keep track of the

ANNOTATING SOURCES

list the complete

bibliographic record.

references and put it in a safe place.

track of the literature is

to use a matrix.

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ANALYZING, ORGANIZING, AND, ,REPORTING THE LITERATURE.

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REPORTING

Technical writing requires

Describing and reporting research call

for a specialized style of writing.

Documenting facts and substantiating opinions,

Clarifying definitions and using them consistently,

Using an accepted style manual,

Starting sections with an introduction and

Ending with brief summary. 24

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ORGANIZING

aniz

ing

a re

view

Make an outline;

Sort references by topic;

Analyze the similarities and differences between references in a

Wh

en o

rg a given subheading;

Give a meaningful overview in which you discuss references least related to the problem first;

And conclude with a brief summary of the literature and its implications.

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META-ANALYSISMETA-ANALYSIS

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META-ANALYSIS

Statistical approach to summarizing the results of many quantitative studies addressing the same topic.

It provides a numerical way of expressing the composite result of the studies.

A central characteristic of meta-analysis is that it is as inclusive as possible.

An effect size is a numerical way of expressing the strength or magnitude of a reported relation.

In meta-analysis, an effect size is computed for each study, and then the individual effect sizes are averaged. 27 28

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MORE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO.

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REFERENCES

Gay, L. R., Mills, G.E., & Airasian, P. (2011). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications, Tenth Edition. Pearson Education International.

https://www youtube com/watch?v=jiQJJXTD0VI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v jiQJJXTD0VI

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