Chapter 3 P2 Intensive

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

FORCES & PRESSURE

3.1 PRESSURE1. Question 3: Teknik 07

Diagram 3.1 shows a man weight of500 N sitting on 800 nails and feels nopain although the nails exerted pressureto him. Diagram 3.2 shows the surfacearea of the tip of the nail

DIAGRAM 3.1 DIAGRAM 3.2

(a) State the SI unit of pressure?

..............................................................

(b) Calculate the pressure exerted onthe man in Diagram 3.1

(c) Its easier to cut through a loaf of breadusing a sharp knife than a blunt knife.Explain this situation.

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FORCES & PRESSURE

Diagram 3.1 shows a man weight of500 N sitting on 800 nails and feels nopain although the nails exerted pressureto him. Diagram 3.2 shows the surface

DIAGRAM 3.2

State the SI unit of pressure?

..............................................................[1 mark]

Calculate the pressure exerted on

[3 marks]

Its easier to cut through a loaf of breadusing a sharp knife than a blunt knife.

..............................................................

..........................................[2 marks]

2. Question 5: Kelantan 09Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show twoballoons A and B exerted with the sameforce.

(a) What is meant by pressure?

.......................................................

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram5.2,

(i) Which balloon will burst easily?

...............................................................

(ii) Compare the pressure exerted onthe balloon.

...............................................................

(iii) Compare the surface area offinger and needle which in contactwith the balloon.

..........................................................

(iv) Relate the pressure exerted on theballoon with the surface area

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(v) What happens to the pressure onthe balloon if force exerted isincreased?

...........................................................

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Question 5: Kelantan 09Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show twoballoons A and B exerted with the same

What is meant by pressure?

...............................................................[1 mark]

Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram

Which balloon will burst easily?

...............................................................[1 mark]

Compare the pressure exerted on

...............................................................[1 mark]

Compare the surface area offinger and needle which in contactwith the balloon.

.........................................................[1 mark]

Relate the pressure exerted on theballoon with the surface area

...........................................................[1 mark]

What happens to the pressure onthe balloon if force exerted is

...........................................................[1 mark]

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3. Question 6: Johor 07A farmer has two vehicles with the samemass and the same number of wheels.

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

(a) Based in the Diagram 6.1 andDiagram 6.2:

(i) compare the contact area betweenthe wheels in the Diagram 6.1 andDiagram 6.2.

...............................................................

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(ii) compare the weight of thevehicle 1 and vehicle 2.

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(b) Which vehicle should the farmer usewhen driving across his fields whenthe ground is very soft? Give yourreasons.

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(c) Name the physics concept involved.

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as two vehicles with the samemass and the same number of wheels.


Based in the Diagram 6.1 and

compare the contact area betweenthe wheels in the Diagram 6.1 and

...............................................................

...............................[1 mark]

compare the weight of the

...................

...............................[1 mark]

Which vehicle should the farmer usewhen driving across his fields whenthe ground is very soft? Give your

..................................

......................................................................[2 marks]

Name the physics concept involved.

...............................................................[1 mark]

(d) A manufacturer of car wheelsestimates that the area of a carwheel in contact withabout the same as the area of aperson’s shoe in contact with theground. A car weighs 10 000 N and adriver weighs 500 N

(i) Calculate the ratio pressure of caron ground : pressure of driver onground. The car has 4 tyres and adriver has 2 feet)

(ii) Suggest why it might be a goodidea to reduce the pressure of theair in car tyres if the cdriven over soft sand.

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3.2 LIQUID PRESSURE4. Question 5: SBP 07

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5dams with different shapes.


A manufacturer of car wheelsestimates that the area of a carwheel in contact with the road isabout the same as the area of aperson’s shoe in contact with the

A car weighs 10 000 N and adriver weighs 500 N.

Calculate the ratio pressure of caron ground : pressure of driver on

The car has 4 tyres and adriver has 2 feet)

[2 marks]

Suggest why it might be a goodidea to reduce the pressure of theair in car tyres if the car is to bedriven over soft sand.

......................................................................

......................................................................[1 mark]

LIQUID PRESSUREQuestion 5: SBP 07

am 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show twodams with different shapes.


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(a) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram5.2(i) Compare the dams in Diagram

5.1 and Diagram 5.2.

...........................................................

...........................................................

(ii) Compare the pressure at pointA and point B in the lake.

...........................................................

..........................................................

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(b) (i) Based on the answer in (a)(ii),which dam is stronger?

...............................................

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(ii) Explain the reasons for youranswer in (b)(i).

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(c) Diagram 5.3 shows an apparatusused to remove water from a beakerto a cylinder.


Compare the dams in Diagram

...........................................................

........................................................[1 mark]

Compare the pressure at pointA and point B in the lake.

...........................................................

..........................

...........................................................[1 mark]

Based on the answer in (a)(ii),which dam is stronger?

........................................................

........................................................[1 mark]

Explain the reasons for your

........................................................

........................................[ 2 marks ]

shows an apparatusused to remove water from a beaker

Diagram 5.3

(i) Name the apparatus shown indiagram 5.3.

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(ii) Give a reason why water flowsfrom the beaker to the cylinderas shown in Diagram 5.3.

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(iii) In Diagram 5.4, mark thewater level in the cylinderwhen water stopsfrom the beaker to thecylinder.

Diagram 5.3

Name the apparatus shown in

.....................................................[1 mark]

Give a reason why water flowsfrom the beaker to the cylinderas shown in Diagram 5.3.

.....................................................

.....................................................[1 mark]

In Diagram 5.4, mark thewater level in the cylinderwhen water stops flowingfrom the beaker to the

[1 mark]

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5. Question 7: SBP 09Diagram 7.1 shows a concrete watertank filled with water.

Diagram 7.1

(a) State a factor that affects the waterpressure in the tank.

..............................................................[1 mark]

(b)(i) Compare the water pressure at Pand Q

..........................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the water pressure at Q.(Density of water = 1000 kg m-3 )

[2 marks]

(c) Diagram 7.2 shows water flowsfrom the concrete tank to the housewater tank.

Diagram 7.2

(i) What is the factor that causesthe water to flow from theconcrete tank to the

..............................................................[1 mark]

(ii) The flow of water from theconcrete tank to the housewill stop at level P.Explain why the supply

stops?

..............................................................

..............................................................[2 mark]

(d) (i) Suggest two modificationsthat can be done to ensure thewater flow continously to thehouse water tank.

..............................................................

..............................................................[2 mark]

(ii) Draw a water tank that canwithstand high waterpressure .

[1 mark]

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3.3 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

6. Question 5: Melaka 09Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show twomercury manometers in a laboratory.The gas supply in Diagram 5.1 has lesspressure than diagram 5.2

(a) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram5.2(i) state similarities about the

magnitude and the direction ofpressures

Magnitude :

Directions:

[2marks]

(iii) what is the total pressure atpoint W

[1 mark]

(iii) state the relationship betweenpressure at W and the gaspressure

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the answers in 5(a)(ii)

and 5(a)(iii), write words equation

that relate between the

atmospheric pressure, mercury

pressure and the gas pressure.

[1 mark]

(c) (i) The gas supply is taken out.

Describe changes on the

height of the mercury column

in both Diagrams.

[1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason to youranswer in (c)(i).

[1 mark]

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3.4 PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE7. Question 2: Melaka Trial 08

Diagram 2 shows a hydraulic brakesystem of a car. The cross-sectionalareas of the main cylinder and the smallcylinder are 5 x 10 - 4 m2 and 6.0 x 10m2 respectively.

Diagram 2

(a) State the physic’s principleinvolved in Diagram 2.

..........................................................

(b) On Diagram 2 show the directionof motions of the main cylinderand the small cylinder.

(c) State the relationship between theliquid pressure in the maincylinder and the small cylinder.

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(d) The brake pedal is pressed with aforce of 15 N. Calculate the forceapplied to the small cylinder.

Question 2: Melaka Trial 08shows a hydraulic brake

sectionalnder and the small

and 6.0 x 10 - 4

State the physic’s principle

..........................................................[1 mark]

On Diagram 2 show the directionof motions of the main cylinder

[1 mark]

State the relationship between theliquid pressure in the maincylinder and the small cylinder.

...........................................................[1 mark]

The brake pedal is pressed with aforce of 15 N. Calculate the forceapplied to the small cylinder.

[2 marks]

8. Question 3: Kedah 08Diagram 3.1 shows a model of ahydraulic jack. The force Fthe small piston R is able to support twoloads which are placed on piston S andT.

(a) Name the principle used in thehydraulic jack.

……………………………………………..

(b) (i) If F1 = 5.0 N, calculate thepressure exerted on pi

(ii) Compare the fluid pressure at Sand T to the pressure at R.

………………………………………….

(iii) Determine the magnitude oforce F2

(c) Give one reason why it is moresuitable to use a liquid instead of airas the hydraulic fluid.

……………………………………………

Question 3: Kedah 08Diagram 3.1 shows a model of ahydraulic jack. The force F1 applied on

on R is able to support twoloads which are placed on piston S and

Name the principle used in the

……………………………………………..[1 mark]

= 5.0 N, calculate thepressure exerted on piston R.

[1 mark](ii) Compare the fluid pressure at S

and T to the pressure at R.

………………………………………….[1 mark]

(iii) Determine the magnitude of the

[2 marks]

Give one reason why it is moresuitable to use a liquid instead of airas the hydraulic fluid.

……………………………………………[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

3.5 ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

9. Question 3: MRSM 09Diagram 3.1 shows a freely floatinghydrometer in water.

Diagram 3.1

A principle states that:When a body is immersed wholly orpartially in a fluid, the buoyant forcesacting on the body is equal to the weightof the fluid it displaces.(a) (i) Name the principle above.

...........................................................

(ii) Mark on Diagram 3.1 thedirection of the two forces actingon the hyrdrometer.

(b) The hydrometer is removed fromwater, dried and then placed in oil.

(i) Predict the length of thehydrometer that is submerged inoil, compared to length in water

........................................................

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in3(b)(i).

ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE

Diagram 3.1 shows a freely floating

When a body is immersed wholly orpartially in a fluid, the buoyant forces

on the body is equal to the weight

(i) Name the principle above.

...........................................................[1 mark]

Mark on Diagram 3.1 thedirection of the two forces acting

[1 mark]

hydrometer is removed fromwater, dried and then placed in oil.

Predict the length of thehydrometer that is submerged inoil, compared to length in water

........................................................[1 mark]

Give a reason for your answer in

........................................................

Diagram 3.2

(c) Diagram 3.2 shows an objectwhich has a weight of 0.25 N fullyimmersed in water. Its apparentweight is 0.22 N. [Density of water= 1000 kg m-3](i) What is the buoy

on the object?

(ii) Determine the volume of theobject.

10.Question 3: Kedah 09Diagram 3 shows a block of concretebeing lowered to the bottoms of a lake.The volume of the block is 2.5 mweight is 125 000 N. The denswater in the lake is 1 010 kgm

Diagram 3

(a) State the SI unit for pressure.

......................................................

........................................................[1 mark]

Diagram 3.2

Diagram 3.2 shows an objectwhich has a weight of 0.25 N fullyimmersed in water. Its apparentweight is 0.22 N. [Density of water

What is the buoyant forceon the object?

[1 mark]

Determine the volume of the

[2 marks]

Question 3: Kedah 09Diagram 3 shows a block of concretebeing lowered to the bottoms of a lake.The volume of the block is 2.5 m3 and itsweight is 125 000 N. The density of thewater in the lake is 1 010 kgm-3.

Diagram 3

State the SI unit for pressure.

......................................................[1 mark]

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(b) State one factor that affects thepressure at a point below thesurface of a liquid.

(c) (i) Calculate the weight of thewater displaced by the block.

(ii) Calculate the tension, T, in thecable.

11.Question 5: SBP 08Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show twosolid spheres A and B with differentdensity place in the water.

(a) What is meant by density?

............................................................

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram5.1,(i) compare the density of sphere A

and sphere B

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(ii) compare the weight of sphere Aand sphere B

...........................................................

State one factor that affects thepressure at a point below the

he weight of thewater displaced by the block.

[2 marks]

Calculate the tension, T, in the

[2 marks]

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show twosolid spheres A and B with different

eant by density?

............................................................[ 1 mark ]


compare the density of sphere A

...........................................................[ 1 mark ]

compare the weight of sphere A

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(iii) compare the weight of waterdisplaced by sphere A and sphereB

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(iv) relate the weight of sphere andthe weight of water displaced

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(v) relate the weight of waterdisplaced and upthrust

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(c) Name the physics principleinvolved in Diagram 5.1 andDiagram 5.2.

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(c) State one application of physicsprinciple in 5 (c).

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12.Question 5: Mid Melaka 09

Diagram 5.1 shows three boxes withdifferent density at stationary state.

Diagram 5.1

[ 1 mark ]compare the weight of waterdisplaced by sphere A and sphere

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relate the weight of sphere andthe weight of water displaced

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relate the weight of waterdisplaced and upthrust

........................................................[ 1 mark ]

Name the physics principleinvolved in Diagram 5.1 and

............................................................[ 1 mark ]

State one application of physics

..............................................................[ 1 mark ]

Question 5: Mid Melaka 09

Diagram 5.1 shows three boxes withdifferent density at stationary state.

Diagram 5.1

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Diagram 5.2 shows the boxes flowhen placed in a liquid.

Diagram 5.2

(a) Based on the situation in Diagram5.1 and the situation in Diagram5.2,

(i) State similarities about thevolume and the net force of theboxes.Volume: ................................

Net force of the boxes:

...............................................

(ii) Compare the weight of the boxesin ascending order.

………………………………………

(b) Observe Diagram 5.2(i) Describe the position of the

boxes in the liquid

(ii) Explain your answer in5(b)(i).

Diagram 5.2 shows the boxes float still

Based on the situation in Diagram5.1 and the situation in Diagram

State similarities about thevolume and the net force of the

Volume: ................................

Net force of the boxes:

...............................................[2 marks]

Compare the weight of the boxes

………………………………………[1 mark]

Describe the position of theboxes in the liquid

[2 marks]

ur answer in

[2 marks]

(c) Based on the answer in 5(b)(ii),name the physics conceptinvolve.

13.Question 5: Trengganu 07A fisherman finds that his boat is atdifferent levels in the sea and in theriver, although thethe same load. The density of sea waterand river water is 1025 kg mkg m-3 respectively.

Diagram 5.1(a) Diagram 5.1(b)

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 illustratethe situation of the boat in the sea andin the river.

(a) What is meant by density?

..............................................................

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram5.2 :(i) Compare the level of the boat

in the sea water and in the riverwater.

..........................................

.....................................................

(ii) Compare the volume of waterdisplaced by the boat in thesea and in the river

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...............................

(iii) Compare the density of seawater and river water.

Based on the answer in 5(b)(ii),name the physics concept

[1 mark]Question 5: Trengganu 07

A fisherman finds that his boat is atdifferent levels in the sea and in the

boat carriese load. The density of sea water

and river water is 1025 kg m-3 and 1000

Diagram 5.1(a) Diagram 5.1(b)

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 illustratethe situation of the boat in the sea and

t by density?

..............................................................[1 mark]


Compare the level of the boatin the sea water and in the river

.....................................................

.....................................................[1 mark]

Compare the volume of waterdisplaced by the boat in thesea and in the river

.....................................................

.....................................................[1 mark]

Compare the density of seawater and river water.

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

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(c)(i) Relate the volume of waterdisplaced to the density of water.

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(iii) Deduce relationship betweenweight of the boat and the weightof the water displaced.

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(d) Name the physics principle thatexplains the situation above.

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(e) A submarine can sail on the seasurface and under the sea by usingthe principle stated in (d).How a submarine on the surface ofthe sea can submerge?

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14. Question 7: N9 08(a) Diagram 7.1 show a boat made from

steel floating at the sea. Thethe boat is 7500 kg.

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.....................................................[1 mark]

Relate the volume of waterisplaced to the density of water.

..............................................................

..............................................................[1 mark]

Deduce relationship betweenweight of the boat and the weight

...........................................................

...........................................................[1 mark]

Name the physics principle thatexplains the situation above.

..............................................................[1 mark]

A submarine can sail on the seasurface and under the sea by using

in (d).How a submarine on the surface of

..........................................

.............................................................[1 mark]

Diagram 7.1 show a boat made fromsteel floating at the sea. The mass of

(i) State one function of plimsollline?

........................................................(ii) What is the buoyant force acts

on the boat.

.......................................................

(iii) In the Diagram 7.2, mark thelevel of water when the boatenter the river Mouth.

(iv) Explain your answer in (a)(iii).

.............................

(b) Diagram 7.3 shows a hot airballoon floating stationary in theair.

State one function of plimsoll

........................................................What is the buoyant force acts

.......................................................[1 mark]

In the Diagram 7.2, mark thelevel of water when the boatenter the river Mouth.

[1 mark]

Explain your answer in (a)(iii).

.....................................................[1 mark]

Diagram 7.3 shows a hot airballoon floating stationary in the

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(i) State the relationship betweenthe weight of air balloon andthe upthrust.

.....................................................

(ii) What will happen to the airballoon if the load is dropped?

.....................................................

(iii) Explain your answer in (b) (ii).

.....................................................

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3.6 BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE15.Question 2: Melaka 08

Diagram 2.1 shows an insecticidesprayer.

State the relationship betweenthe weight of air balloon and

........................[1 mark]

What will happen to the airballoon if the load is dropped?

.....................................................[1 mark]

r in (b) (ii).

.....................................................

.....................................................[2 mark]

3.6 BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE

ram 2.1 shows an insecticide

(a) (i) Name the science principleinvolved in the insecticidesprayer.

...........................................................

(ii) Which region experiences lopressure?In the box below, tick

correct answer.

X

Y

X

(b) State one reason fin 2 (a) (ii).

..........................................................

(c) Describe how the instrumentproduced a fine spray liquid?

.....................................................

16.Question 3: SBP 08Diagram 3.1 shows a horizontal tube ABwith both of it ends are closed withrubber stoppers. The tube is also fixedwith three vertical tubes X,Y and Z.Water is then poured into the horizontaltube AB.

Name the science principleinvolved in the insecticide

...........................................................[1 mark]

Which region experiences low

In the box below, tick √ the

X

[1 mark]

State one reason for your answer

..........................................................[1 mark]

Describe how the instrumentproduced a fine spray liquid?

...........................................................[1 mark]

Question 3: SBP 08Diagram 3.1 shows a horizontal tube AB

h both of it ends are closed withrubber stoppers. The tube is also fixedwith three vertical tubes X,Y and Z.Water is then poured into the horizontal

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(i) Mark the water level in thevertical tube X,Y and Z.

(ii) State one physical quantity thataffected the water level in theabove diagram.

...........................................................

Diagram 3.2

(c) A ventury tube AB now is replacedwith the ventury tube shown indiagram 3.2. Water flows uniformlyfrom end A to end B of the tube andit is found that the water level oftube P is at Z. (Density of water =1000 kgm-3)

(i) Compare the water level in thevertical tube P,Q and R.

..........................................................

(ii) Name the principal involve in b(i).

...........................................................

(iii) By neglecting atmospheripressure, calculate the pressurecaused by the water column atpoint X.

Mark the water level in thevertical tube X,Y and Z.

[1 mark]

State one physical quantity thataffected the water level in the

...........................................................[1 mark]

A ventury tube AB now is replacedwith the ventury tube shown indiagram 3.2. Water flows uniformlyfrom end A to end B of the tube andit is found that the water level oftube P is at Z. (Density of water =

e the water level in the

..........................................................[1 mark]

(ii) Name the principal involve in b(i).

...........................................................[1 mark]

By neglecting atmosphericpressure, calculate the pressurecaused by the water column at

[2 marks]

17.Question 5: Perak 07The Diagram 5.1 shows before and whenair flow through tube.The Diagram 5.2 shows the situation ofthe roof of a house before and whenhigh wind blows.

Before air flows When air flows

Diagram 5.1


Diagram 5.2

[1 mark]

Question 5: Perak 07The Diagram 5.1 shows before and when

The Diagram 5.2 shows the situation ofthe roof of a house before and when


Diagram 5.1


Diagram 5.2

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(a) What is meant by speed?

..........................................................

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 andDiagram 5.2:(i) State two similarities for the

situations in Diagram 5.1 andDiagram 5.2.1. .................................

.............................................

2. ..............................................

..............................................

(ii) Compare the air pressureabove the roof and below theroof in Diagram 5.2.

....................................................

(iii) Relate the speed of the air andthe pressure of the air.

....................................................

(c) Name the principle involved in 5(b)(iii).

...........................................................

(d) Diagram 5.3 shows an instrumentuse to spray an insecticide.

What is meant by speed?

........................................................[1 mark]

Based on Diagram 5.1 and

State two similarities for thesituations in Diagram 5.1 and

..............................................

.............................................

..............................................

..............................................[2 marks]

Compare the air pressureabove the roof and below the

....................................................[1 mark]

Relate the speed of the air andthe pressure of the air.

....................................................[1 mark]

Name the principle involved in 5

...........................................................[1 mark]

Diagram 5.3 shows an instrumentuse to spray an insecticide.

In Diagram 5.3,(i) Compare the speed of air at Q

and at R.

....................................................

(ii) Compare air the pressure at Qand R.

.....................................................

18.Conceptual: Kedah 07Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show howwater spurts out from its container whenthe valve is opened.


When a liquid is held in a container, itexerts pressure on the container.

(a) What is meant by pressure?

(b) With reference to Diagram 9.1 andDiagram 9.2, comparethe water in both containers, the rateat which water spurts out and thedistance travelled by the waterspurts out.

Compare the speed of air at Q

....................................................[1 mark]

Compare air the pressure at Q

.....................................................[1 mark]

Conceptual: Kedah 07Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show how

m its container when


When a liquid is held in a container, itexerts pressure on the container.

What is meant by pressure?[1 mark]

With reference to Diagram 9.1 andDiagram 9.2, compare the depth of

containers, the rateat which water spurts out and thedistance travelled by the water that

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Relate the distance travelled by thewater that spurts out to the depth ofthe water. Hence make a conclusionregarding the relationship betweenthe pressure and the depth of thewater.

[5 marks]

19.Understanding: Kedah 07A small bubble of air is released fromthe bottom of a lake.

(i) Explain what happens to the size ofbubble as it rises to the surface ofthe water.

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain how this change affects theupward motion of the bubble.

[2 marks]

20.Understanding: Trengganu 07Diagram 9.2 shows the toothpaste flowsout of it’s tube while squeezing at thebottom end.

DIAGRAM 9.2

Explain how the toothpaste flows outand name a physics principle related toit.

[4 marks]]

21.Understanding: Perak 07(i) What is meant by pressure?

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why places at high altitudethe temperature is colder compare toplaces at low altitude which is morewarmer.

[4 marks]

22.Understanding: SBP 07

Diagram 11.2

Diagram 11.2 shows rod A and rod B ofdifferent densities are immersed inwater. Explain why the rods float inwater and why B sinks deeper than A.

[4 marks]

23.Understanding: Trengganu 07Diagram 11.1 shows a small aircraft.Diagram 11.2 shows a cross section ofthe aircraft’s wings.

Diagram 11.1

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Diagram 11.2

(a) Name the shape of the crosssectional of the aircraft wings.

(b) The aircraft obtains its lift whenflying due to a difference inpressure of the air between theupper and bottom sides of thewings.

(i) Explain how this difference inpressure is produced.

(i) Name the principle involved inyour answer to(b)(i)

24. Teknik 07Diagram 11.1 shows a gas balloon,moored with a load at the Book Festival.The mass of the balloon is 5 kg. Theballoon and the load float at a certainheight and the buoyant force acting onthe balloon is 250 N

crosssectional of the aircraft wings.

[1 mark]

The aircraft obtains its lift whenflying due to a difference inpressure of the air between theupper and bottom sides of the

n how this difference in

[3 marks]

Name the principle involved in

[1 mark]

Diagram 11.1 shows a gas balloon,ored with a load at the Book Festival.

The mass of the balloon is 5 kg. Theballoon and the load float at a certainheight and the buoyant force acting on

DIAGRAM 11.1

(i) What is the meaning of buoyantforce ?

(ii) Explain why the balloon and theload float ?

(c) If the mooring rope cut off, theballoons will rise up.

(i) Calculate the resultant force of theballoon

(ii) Calculate the initial acceleration ofthe balloon

(iii) what is your assumption in yourcalculation in c(ii)

Table 11.2 shows the characteristics offour sets, A, B , C and D of balloons,ropes and loads .

Set Type of gasfilled anddensity

Mass ofloads

/kg

A Helium(0.17 kg m-3)

DIAGRAM 11.1

What is the meaning of buoyant

[1 mark ]

Explain why the balloon and the

[4 marks ]

If the mooring rope cut off, the

Calculate the resultant force of the

te the initial acceleration of

what is your assumption in yourcalculation in c(ii)

[5 marks]Table 11.2 shows the characteristics offour sets, A, B , C and D of balloons,

Mass ofloads

/kg

MaximumTensionallowed /

N5 300

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

B Hydrogen(0.09 kg/m3)

20 250

C Helium(0.17 kg m-3)

20 300

D Nitrogen(1.25 kg/m3)

5 100

As a supervisor , you are assigned toinvestigate the characteristics of setballoons, ropes and loads that couldbe used for the purpose.Base on the table 11.2;(i) Explain the suitable

characteristics of the balloons,ropes and loads so that it can beused

(ii) Decide which set is most suitableto be used at the festival.

(iii) Explain why the others set is notsuitable

[10 marks]

25.Making decision problem: Perak07

You are asked to investigate thecharacteristics of tractors and choose atractor that can do heavy works, anexample of a tractor is shown inDiagram 11.2.

Diagram 11.2

Typeof

tractor

Characteristics of tractors

Size oftyre

Physical state

offluids

used inhydrau

lic

Mass Basearea

Centre ofgravi

ty

system

M Large Liquid Large Large Low

N Large Liquid Large Large High

P Large Gas Large Small High

Q Medium

Liquid Large Medium

Low

R Large Liquid Large Medium

High

(i) Explain the suitability of thecharacteristics of the tractorsused to do heavy works.

(ii) Determine the most suitabletractor and give reasons foryou choice.

[10 marks]

26.Making decision: SBP 07Diagram 11.1 shows an apparatus whichis used to determine the density of aliquid. These apparatus is an applicationof Archimedes’ Principle.

Diagram 11.1

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

You are required to build a hydrometerthat can be used to measure densities ofconcentrated acids.

Table 11.1 shows the characteristics of 4types of hydrometers L, M, N and O.

Hy

dro

me

ter

Ty

pe

of

ma

teria

lo

fh

yd

roe

ter

Dia

me

ter

of

ca

pilla

rytu

be

/c

m

L Plastic 0.5 1000M Plastic 2.0 1300N Glass 0.5 9800O Glass 2.0 8000

Based on the table 11.1;

(ii) Explain the suitablecharacteristics of thehydrometer so that it can beused to measure differentdensities of acids.

(iii) Decide which hydrometermost suitable and give reasons.

27.Making Descision: Trengganu 07(a) Table 11 shows characteristic of

four design of the aircraft wings.

You are required to build a hydrometerdensities of

Table 11.1 shows the characteristics of 4types of hydrometers L, M, N and O.

De

ns

ityo

fs

ho

ts/

kg

m-3

Dia

me

ter

of

bo

ttom

bu

lb/

cm

1000 1.01300 3.09800 3.08000 1.0

Based on the table 11.1;

characteristics of thehydrometer so that it can beused to measure different

Decide which hydrometer ismost suitable and give reasons.

[10 marks]

Making Descision: Trengganu 07Table 11 shows characteristic offour design of the aircraft wings.

You are requested to choose a suitablewing to be installed with the body of theaircraft.

By referring to the information given inTable 11, explain the suitability of eachcharacteristic and suggest the mostsuitable wing to be installed with thebody of the aircraft.

(b) An aircraft installation departmentchooses wing P to be installedwith its aircrafts which hasmaximum mass 800 kg.

(i) If the air pressure below the wing ismore than the air pressure abovethe wing by 500 N mforce that exerted from below of thewing.

(ii) Determine the resultant force andits direction that exerted to the wingof the aircraft.

(iii) Calculate the vertical accelerationof the aircraft.

28.Qualitative problem: Kedah 07

You are requested to choose a suitablewing to be installed with the body of the

rring to the information given inlain the suitability of each

characteristic and suggest the mostsuitable wing to be installed with the

[10 marks]

ft installation departmentchooses wing P to be installedwith its aircrafts which hasmaximum mass 800 kg.

If the air pressure below the wing ismore than the air pressure abovethe wing by 500 N m-2, calculate theforce that exerted from below of the

[2 marks]

Determine the resultant force andits direction that exerted to the wing

[2 marks]

Calculate the vertical acceleration

[1 mark]

Qualitative problem: Kedah 07

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Diagram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the sideview of two different models of a dam madefrom bricks and concrete.


(i) Which model is preferable? Explain youranswer.

(ii) Suggest two uses of the water in thedam.

(iii)Explain the modifications that need to bemade to the dam to enable it to storemore water safely.

29. Qualitative problem : Trengganu 07Diagram 9.3 shows a hidraulic jackwhich can lift up a maximum mass of 1metric tonne.

DIAGRAM 9.3

Using suitable physics concepts,explain the modification that needs to bedone to the:i. size of the piston,ii. material of the body,iii. type of liquid used,iv. handle andv. ability to reset the piston position

easily of the hidraulic jack to enableit to lift mass of greater quantity.

ram 9.3 and Diagram 9.4 show the sideview of two different models of a dam made


Which model is preferable? Explain your

[2 marks]Suggest two uses of the water in the

[2 marks]Explain the modifications that need to bemade to the dam to enable it to store

[6 marks]

Qualitative problem : Trengganu 07Diagram 9.3 shows a hidraulic jackwhich can lift up a maximum mass of 1

Using suitable physics concepts,on that needs to be

ability to reset the piston positionof the hidraulic jack to enable

it to lift mass of greater quantity.

30.Quantitative problem: Perak 07Diagram 11.1 is used to study the effectof altitude on the magnitude ofatmospheric. The atmospheric pressurecan be measured by a Fortin barometer.The density of the mercury used in theFortin barometer is 13 600 kg m

Diagram 11.1

What is the(i) atmospheric pressure at the

sea level in pascal (Pa)?

(ii) atmospheric pressureexperienced by the aircraft inpascal (Pa)?

(iii) atmospheric pressureexperienced by the satellite inpascal (Pa)?

31.Section B: SBP 08Diagram 9.1 shows a hot air ballooncarry up the loads at a certain height inthe morning and diagram 9.2 shows thesame hot air balloon carry up the loadsat a certain height in the ahot air balloon used helium gas at thesame temperature in both situation.

In the morning

[10 marks]

Quantitative problem: Perak 07Diagram 11.1 is used to study the effectof altitude on the magnitude ofatmospheric. The atmospheric pressurecan be measured by a Fortin barometer.The density of the mercury used in the

ometer is 13 600 kg m-3.

Diagram 11.1

atmospheric pressure at thesea level in pascal (Pa)?

atmospheric pressureexperienced by the aircraft in

atmospheric pressureexperienced by the satellite in

[5 marks]

Section B: SBP 08Diagram 9.1 shows a hot air ballooncarry up the loads at a certain height inthe morning and diagram 9.2 shows thesame hot air balloon carry up the loadsat a certain height in the afternoon. Thishot air balloon used helium gas at thesame temperature in both situation.

ning In the afternoon

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) (i) What is meant by density?

(ii) Using diagrams 9.1 and 9.2,compare the density of the air, theload that can be carry up by thehot air balloon and the height ofthe hot air balloon from theground.Relate the buoyant force with thedensity of the air to make adeduction regarding therelationship between the densityof the air and the weight of theload carry up by the hot airballoon.

(b) Why does an iron nail sink in waterbut a cargo ship with a huge massfloats?

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a ship.

(i) What is meant by density?[1 mark]

Using diagrams 9.1 and 9.2,compare the density of the air, theload that can be carry up by thehot air balloon and the height ofthe hot air balloon from the

Relate the buoyant force with theof the air to make a

deduction regarding therelationship between the densityof the air and the weight of theload carry up by the hot airballoon.

[5 marks]

Why does an iron nail sink in waterbut a cargo ship with a huge mass

[4 marks]

Diagram 9.3 shows a ship.

By considering the ship in Diagram9.3, give some suggestion how youwould design a submarine that cansubmerge in a deep sea. In yourexplanation, emphasifollowing aspects

( i ) the shape of the submarine.

( ii ) material used for its body.

( iii) additional component tocontrol its buoyant force andto observe the seasurroundings.

( iv) safety features for the crewof the submarine.

[10 marks]

32.Section B: Trengganu 08(a) Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.2(b) and

Diagram 9.2(c) show a rock hung on aspring balance in air, immersed in waterand cooking oil respectively. Thereading of the spring balance foreach situation is as shown in Diagram9.1.

(i) What is meant by density?

balloon.

By considering the ship in Diagram9.3, give some suggestion how youwould design a submarine that cansubmerge in a deep sea. In yourexplanation, emphasise on the

( i ) the shape of the submarine.

( ii ) material used for its body.

( iii) additional component tocontrol its buoyant force andto observe the seasurroundings.

tures for the crewof the submarine.

Section B: Trengganu 08Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.2(b) andDiagram 9.2(c) show a rock hung on aspring balance in air, immersed in waterand cooking oil respectively. Theeading of the spring balance for

each situation is as shown in Diagram

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(i) What is meant by weight?

(ii) Using Diagram 9.1(a), Diagram 9.1(b)and Diagram 9.1(c), compare thespring balance reading, the weightlost of the rock and the density of thewater and the cooking oil.Relating the weight lost and thedensity, deduce a relevant physicsconcept.

(iii) Name the physics principle thatexplains the above situations.

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows a copper block anda bowl shape copper sheet of samemass.Explain why the copper block sink inwater but the bowl shape copper sheetfloats on water.

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a barge used totransport goods from fresh water portto the ship anchored away from theseaside.

What is meant by weight?[1 mark]

9.1(a), Diagram 9.1(b)and Diagram 9.1(c), compare the

eading, the weightlost of the rock and the density of the

Relating the weight lost and thedensity, deduce a relevant physics

[4 marks]

Name the physics principle thatexplains the above situations.

[1 mark]

Diagram 9.2 shows a copper block anda bowl shape copper sheet of same

Explain why the copper block sink ine copper sheet

[4 marks]

Diagram 9.3 shows a barge used totransport goods from fresh water portto the ship anchored away from the

Using suitable physics concepts,explain the required modificationneeded in designing acarry more and heavier goods, movefaster and safe in fresh and salt water.You can emphasise on the followingaspects in your modification;

i. material used

ii. plimsoll line

iii. shape and size of the barge

33.Section C: Kelantan 08Diagram 11.1 shows two boats of thesame weights floating on the surface ofwater in the sea and in the river.

(a)(i) What is meant by weight?

(iii)Explain why the boatfloat?

(iv)Explain why the sinking levels ofthe boats are difference in theriver and in the sea.

(a) If the volume of the boat thatsinks in sea water is 250 mmthe density of sea water is 1 080kgm-3, calculate(i) Up thrust which acts on the

boat.

(ii) The volume of waterdisplaced when the boat isin the river. [density of riverwater = 1 000 kgm

Using suitable physics concepts,explain the required modificationneeded in designing a barge that cancarry more and heavier goods, movefaster and safe in fresh and salt water.You can emphasise on the followingaspects in your modification;

material used

plimsoll line

shape and size of the barge

[10 marks]

Section C: Kelantan 08Diagram 11.1 shows two boats of thesame weights floating on the surface ofwater in the sea and in the river.

(a)(i) What is meant by weight?[1 mark]

Explain why the boat is able to

[1 mark]Explain why the sinking levels ofthe boats are difference in theriver and in the sea.

[3 marks]

If the volume of the boat thatater is 250 mm3 and

the density of sea water is 1 080

Up thrust which acts on the

[3 marks]The volume of waterdisplaced when the boat isin the river. [density of riverwater = 1 000 kgm-3]

[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(b) Diagram 11.2 shows thespecifications of four hydrometersP, Q, R and S

Long and small long and smallstem stemGlass wall Plastics wallBulb of diameter Bulb of diameter6 cm 3 cmLead shoots vacuum

Short and small short and smallStem stemGlass wall Aluminium wallBulb of diameter Bulb of di6 cm 3 cmVacuum Lead shoots

You are asked to measure the density ofan acid solution.

(i) Study hydrometers P, Q,R andS in diagram 11.2 and explainthe suitability of each featuresto determine the density ofacid solution

Diagram 11.2 shows thespecifications of four hydrometers

Long and small long and small

Glass wall Plastics wallBulb of diameter

Lead shoots vacuum

Short and small short and small

Glass wall Aluminium wallBulb of diameter Bulb of diameter

Vacuum Lead shoots

You are asked to measure the density of

Study hydrometers P, Q,R andS in diagram 11.2 and explainthe suitability of each features

ensity of

(ii) Determine the most suitablehydrometer to be used tomeasure the density of an acidsolution.

34.Section C: N9 08Diagram 11.1 shows a machinecontrolled by a worker to dump soil.A hydraulic system helps to move thebucket containing soil.

(a) What is meant by pressure

(b) Using a concept of pressure inliquid, explain why the hydraulicsystem in this machine is knownas a force multiplier.

(c) Diagram 11.2 shows a hydraulic jacklifting the back portion of the car.

Table 11.3 shows four type of liquid, K,L, M, and N, with different

Determine the most suitablehydrometer to be used tomeasure the density of an acid

[10 marks]Section C: N9 08

Diagram 11.1 shows a machinecontrolled by a worker to dump soil.

raulic system helps to move thebucket containing soil.

What is meant by pressure?[1 mark ]

(b) Using a concept of pressure inliquid, explain why the hydraulicsystem in this machine is knownas a force multiplier.

[4 marks]

(c) Diagram 11.2 shows a hydraulic jackack portion of the car.

Table 11.3 shows four type of liquid, K,L, M, and N, with different

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

specifications. You are required todetermine the most suitable liquid thatcan be used as a hydraulic fluid in thehydraulic jack. Study the specificationsof all the four types of liqiud from thefollowing aspects:

i) Boiling point of the liquidii) Specific heat capacity of liquidiii) Density of liquidiv) Rate of vaporation of liquid

[10 marks]

(d) A man of mass 60 kg walks onsnow wearing snow shoes. His feetwill sink into the snow if thepressure exerted exceeds 500 Pa.(i) What is the weight of the man?

(ii) Calculate the minimum area ofeach snow shoe so that he willnot sink into the snow.

[5 marks]

35.Section C: Kedah 08(a) (i) State Archimedes’s principle.

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why a balloon filled withhelium gas rises up in the air.

[4 marks](b) Diagram 11.1 shows four hot air

balloon, P,Q, R and S with differenttextures. You are required todetermine the most suitable hot airballoon which is able to carry threeor four people to a higher altitude ina shorter time. Study the features ofall the four hot air balloons from thefollowing aspects:- The size of the balloon- The number of the burners- The type of the fabric of the

balloon- The temperature of the air in the

balloon.Explain the suitability of the aspects.Justify your choice.

Hot air balloon PSmall balloon,volume = 800 m3

Features- Type ofballon fabric:Syntheticnylon- Temperatureof flame: 100˚C

Hot air balloon QLarge balloonVolume: 2500 m3

Features- Type ofballon fabric:Syntheticnylon- Temperatureof flame: 120˚C

Hot air balloon RLarge balloonVolume: 2500 m3

Features- Type ofballon fabric:Canvas

- Temperatureof flame: 60˚C

Hot air balloon SSmall balloonVolume: 800 m3

Features- Type ofballon fabric:Canvas

- Temperatureof flame: 80˚C

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

[10 marks]

(c) Diagram 11.3 shows a cylindrical glasstube of uniform cross sectional area of2 cm2. The glass tube contains leadshots and floats upright in water.

The density of water is 1 g cm-3

(i) Calculate the total mass of theglass tube and the lead shots.

(ii) The tube is then placed inanother liquid of differentdensity. Determine theminimum density of liquid forthe tube to float in it.

[5 marks]

[5

mar

36.Quatitative problem: SBP 07Diagram 11.3 shows a boat which has asafety limit line, L. The volume of theboat under the line L is 4 m3. The massof the boat is 250 kg.[density of water : 1000 kgm-3]

Diagram

(i) Calculate the volume of waterdisplaced by the boat.

(ii) What is the maximum load that canbe carried safely by the boat?

[ 5 marks]

Documents

Chapter 3 P2 Intensive