NEURONS - the BASIC element of behavior

has nerve cells that are the basic element of the nervous system

Glial cells- holds the neuron and provides nourishment, insulates, repairs and supports neural functioning.

PARTS OF NEURON

DENDRITE Receives the messages from the other neurons. AXON carries messages to other neurons. >myelin sheath, protective coat of fat and protein that increases velocity NODE OF RANVIER TERMINAL BUTTONS >end of axon that sends messages to other neurons.

How do neurons meet? How do neurons receive messages? How does a person think and behave? SYNAPSE- is the space between two neurons where the axon of the sending neuron communicates with the dendrite of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages ALL OR NON-LAW - THE NEURON IS EITHER ON OR OFF Resting state/action potential Inhibitory/ excitatory message Reuptake

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Neurotransmitters ACETYLCHOLINE GLUTAMATE GAMMA AMINO BUTYRIC ACID

DOPAMINE

SEROTONIN

ENDORPHINS

Function Muscle movement/cognitive functioning Memory Eating, aggression, sleeping

Muscle, Mental disorder, Parkinson

Depression, sleeping, eating, mood, pain

Pain , suppression, pleasurable feeling, appetites, placebos

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL BRAIN AND SPINAL NERVOUS CORD SYSTEM

SOMATIC

AUTONOMIC- SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC

Brain and spinal cord- communication channel Controls behavior "REFLEX" Kinds of neuron involved in reflexes SENSORY/ AFFERENT MOTOR/EFFERENT INTERNEURONS

SOMATIC- voluntary by means of senses AUTONOMIC- internal such as heart, lungs etc.. sympathetic- big "O", extra energy parasympathetic- arousal,daily energy

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

GLANDS PITUITARY PARATHYROID THYROID THYMUS ADRENAL GLAND

PANCREAS

OVARY TESTIS

FUNCTION GROWTH METABOLISM

IMMUNE SYSTEM SODIUM AND POTASSIUM HAIR GROWTH

CONTROL OF SUGAR METABOLISM

REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS

hormones SOMATOTROPHIN

PARATHORMONE

ANDROSTENEDIONE ALDOSTERONE

INSULIN GLUCAGON

ESTROGEN PROGESTERONE TESTOSTERONE OXYTOCIN

BRAIN CEREBRAL CORTEX- Left hemisphere- mind Right hemisphere- heart connected by Corpus Callosum THALAMUS AND HYPOTHALAMUS Emotions- thalamus, responsible for feelings while hypothalamus, responsible for the act of feelings. PONS- for sleep and arousal paired with reticular formation that is responsible also with sleep, arousal and attention. CEREBELLUM- for appropriate action

MEDULLA- involuntary actions, digestion, heart, breathing circulation etc. HIPPOCAMPUS- memory LOBES: FRONTAL- MOTOR AREA- controls voluntary movement BROCA'S area- speech "Broca's aphasia" PARIETAL- Somatosensory Association area TEMPORAL- Auditory function WERNICKE'S AREA- area for understanding both speech and production of language OCCIPITAL- visual sense