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Chapter 3
Interfacing with EMS and Other
Medical Personnel
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
• Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the OEC technician and the EMT-B from other prehospital care providers.
• Define medical direction and discuss the OEC technician’s role in the process.
• Compare the OEC program with the urban EMS system.
Objectives (1 of 2)
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
• Characterize the various methods used to access the following systems in your patrol or community.– Incident Command System– Local law enforcement– Search and rescue interface– Ambulance interface– EMS system
Objectives (2 of 2)
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
The EMS System
• Each state is slightly different.
• OEC is not subject to state licensing.
• Components of the system:
– On-scene medical stabilization
– Transport to definitive care
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
History of EMS
• National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1966
• Highway Safety Act of 1966 • Emergency Medical System Act of 1973
– Listed essential components of EMS • 1996 EMS Agenda for the Future
– New essential components of EMS
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
State EMS Offices
• Lead agency that establishes and enforces standards
• Various regional and local authorities may co-exist and have similar duties.
• NSP communicates with all state EMS offices annually.
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
State and Regional Protocols• Protocol-driven medical control
– On-line communication with control facility Direct orders are issued.
– Off-line medical control Written set of procedures for usual
situations – Most systems are a combination.
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
National Training Curriculums • National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration (NHTSA) is governing agency • Training levels
– First Responder – EMT-Basic (EMT-B)– EMT-Intermediate (EMT-I)– EMT-Paramedic (EMT-P)
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
The OEC System
• BLS vs. ALS
• OEC vs. urban EMS• Standard of training vs.
standard of care
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Comparison of OEC and EMS
(1 of 2) OEC EMS
OEC technicians do not require state or local licensing.
No formal licensing within the local EMS system
Each state’s licensing for EMS providers is slightly different.
US DOT curriculum—BLS (some ALS)
Protocol driven
US DOT curriculum—BLS through ALS for various EMT-level training
Protocol driven with medical control
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
OEC EMS
First response to emergency circumstances in nonurban, outdoor environment (stabilizing and transport and transfer) to enter the local EMS system
Typically, urban, on-scene medical stabilization with transport to definitive care
Continuing Education (CE)
1/3 of curriculum annually in refresher program (some content applies to EMS CE-approved hours; however, varies by state)
Continuing Education (CE)
Content and hours generally specified by state licensing agency
Comparison of OEC and EMS
(2 of 2)
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Standard of Care (1 of 2)
• Standard imposed by local custom
– Often based on locally accepted protocols
• Standard imposed by the law
– May be imposed by statutes, ordinances, administrative guidelines, or case law
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Standard of Care (2 of 2)
• Professional or institutional standards
– Recommendations published by organizations and societies
– Specific rules and procedures of your service or organization
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Role of Ski Patrollers
• First responder
– Assess situations and provide treatment
• Local ski patrol organization• Ski area policy and procedures
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Ski Patrol Operations (1 of 2)
• Dispatch
• Notification
• Initial assessment
• Initial transport
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Ski Patrol Operations (2 of 2)
• Ongoing assessment and care in an aid room
• Resort medical clinics
• Documentation
• Formal EMS transfer and transport
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Ambulance Interface (1 of 2)
• Expectations
• Responsibilities and protocols
• Training and staffing
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Ambulance Interface (2 of 2)
• Problem resolution
• Continuing education interface
• Medical director
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Physician Involvement
• Can be challenging
– Define responsibility to care
– Invite participation
• Physician-patrollers
– Asset
– Legal constraints
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Chapter 3: Interfacing with EMS and Other Medical Personnel
Medical Control
• Medical director
• Patrol protocols
• Physician patrols
