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It Describes aspects of Organizational Behavior of an individual..
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Chapter-2 1
CHAPTER-2
Individual Behavior in Organization
Chapter-2 2
Objectives of The Chapter
Understanding behavior as an Input-Output System
Biographical characteristics
Biological foundations of behavior
Cognitive Processes
Chapter-2 3
Understanding Behavior as an Input – Output System
The Traditional Perspective.
Behavioral Perspective.
Behavior as an Input – Output System
Motivation as the basis for the input – output system
Chapter-2 4
The Traditional Perspective
The classic S-R model has been modified
to give rise to S-O-R model, in which ‘O’
represents the human being who
constantly interact with the environment.
Chapter-2 5
Behavioral Perspective
SITUATION(S)
Situation Environment
ORGANISM (O) BEHAVIOR (B)
Cognitive
processes
Physical process
es
Patterns of
behavior
ResponsesPsychologic
al processes
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Behavior as an Input-output System
According to this model, stimuli in the form of inputs are processed at a central processing region and converted into outputs or responses.
Components are: Inputs Processing Outputs
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Behavior as An Input – Output System
Inputs Information about events Past Experience
Processing Thinking , Reasoning and Problem
Solving Outputs
Physical Movements Verbal expression of thoughts
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Motivation as The Basis for Input – Output System
Physiological Motivation
It refers to a lower level of motivation
Hunger , Thirst
Socio – Physiological Motivation
Higher level needs.
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Biological Characteristics Age Gender Marital Status Tenure
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AGE Young People Vs Older People. Turnover , Absenteeism and Productivity. Older – Unavoidable Absence
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Gender
Problem Solving, Analytical Skills, Motivational Skills, Interpersonal Skills and learning abilities.
Absenteeism.
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Marital Status
Greater responsibilities
Families
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Tenure
Evidence shows that a person’s tenure in
the previous organization is the best way to
predict whether an individual is likely to stay
for a long time.
Chapter-2 14
Biological Foundations of Behavior
Heredity Biological development of the individual Nervous System Constituents of the nervous system
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Heredity
The process by which characteristics are
given from a parent to the child through
the genes.
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Biological Development of The Individual
The secretions of various glands such as pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and gonads are responsible for the physical and emotional growth of an individual.
Nervous system: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit
information from one part of the body to another and are building block of nervous system.
Chapter-2 17
Biological Development of the Individual contd….
There are three components of neurons Axon Dendrites Synapse
Dendrites: These are certain projections that branch out from the neuron. They receive
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Information from other neurons.
Axon: Carries information towards other neurons.
Synapse: This is a small space between two neurons through which communication takes place.
Biological Development of the Individual contd….
Chapter-2 19
Cognitive Processes
It Includes
Thinking,
Problem – solving
Other cognitive processes
Chapter-2 20
Thinking
Enables him to react to stimuli when he is not physically present.
Will respond in a limited
number of ways
When faces with familiar
instances
Chapter-2 21
Problem Solving
Refers to the abilities like sorting and discrimination vary from person to person due to differences in their linguistic habits.
Chapter-2 22
Other Cognitive Processes
Day Dreaming Not linked to reality
Pathological Thinking Mental disorder characterized
by illogical thoughts.
Chapter-2 23
Summary of The Chapter
Understanding behavior as an Input-Output System
Biographical characteristics
Biological foundations of behavior
Cognitive Processes
