CHAPTER 3

3.0 Introduction

This chapter will be discussing the method that this study will be carry out. There will

be discussion on the instrument chosen and the criteria for participant to participate for this

study.

3.1 Research Design

The design of this research will be a cross sectional survey where two questionnaire

will be used to measure handedness and spatial ability. The result of the data will be generate

by Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 (IBM, 2014).

3.2 Participants

According to Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 384 participant are the best fit for this study

however 150 participants are the final decision for participants as this study is a small sample

survey where 150 of participants are sufficient for undergraduate level research (Petscher,

Schatschneider, & Compton, 2013). The population of the sample will be undergraduate

students from Kuala Lumpur area that aged 18 to 24 that study different major. Among the

total population, the ratio of left hander will be 13% because it represent the real population

in the world (Left Handers Day, 2014).

3.3 Sampling method

The method to recruit for participant will be purposive sampling where the inclusion

criteria would be undergraduate students that aged 18 to 24. The exclusion criteria would be

mixed handed students and students who aged more than 24. The reason that mixed handed

students are excluded from this study is due to the inconsistency of mixed handedness and the

actual causes. The mixed handedness could be cause by the environment or culture

background that therefore it would be one of the confounding variables.

3.4 Instrument

The instrument involve will be consist of inform consent, demographic information,

The Flinders Handedness survey and McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligence Inventory. The

inform consent form are design to get the consent from participant with list of the detail

towards the right of participant such as participant have the right to withdraw from the test.

Meanwhile demographic information such as gender and age will be collect. The Flinders

Handedness survey and McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligence Inventory will be perform

throughout the study (McKenzie, 1999; Nicholls et al., 2013; Williams, S.M., 2014). The

Flinders Handedness survey have a total of 10 questions that uses Likert scale to measure the

handedness with Pearson Correlation 0f r =.66 and p>.001. The sample question from the

Flinders Handedness survey would be “With which hand do you write?” and the participant

will be answer using the Likert scale that consists of left, either and right. Meanwhile for the

Multiple Intelligence Inventory had the Cronbach alpha of r=.90, p>.005 while the subscale

of visual spatial had r=.66 (Hajhashemi & Wong, 2010). The subscale of the Multiple

Intelligence Inventory consists of 10 statements and answer using dichotomous option of 1 or

0. The sample statement would be “I can visualize ideas in my mind”; the higher the score

indicate the higher visual spatial intelligence.

3.5 Procedure

The sample will be found by snowball technique that started with few participant then

reach to others around the campus of a private university in Kuala Lumpur area. The

participant will be give an inform consent letter that consists of the permission from authority

to conduct the study and demographic information such as gender and age will be collect

together with the inform consent. The survey will come in two form. The survey will come in

paper form and online form will be using the software of Google Doc (Google, 2014). The

venue of the survey being conducted will be in both online and discussion room or

psychology lab in the particular private university to provide a quiet and comfort

environment for participant. After obtain the consent from participant, the participant will be

required to answer two survey that consists of Flinders Handedness survey and the spatial

construct of Multiple Intelligence Inventory. All of the data will be collect through survey.

No time limit along the survey and participant are allow to terminate the session whenever

they feel uncomfortable. After the participant finish the survey, the researcher will be

collecting the survey and key in the data collected using SPSS version 20 to find out whether

there is any correlation between handedness and spatial ability.

3.6 Scope of study

The boundaries that could possibly encounter in the process would be the data

collected will not as holistic as it would be and this is due to the difference in method that

participants carry out the survey. The two methods use in collecting data would create

different data because the participants would conduct the survey online would be paying less

concentration as the researcher are not present. Other than that, the age limitation would be

one of the boundaries in this study as the age required for this study is only 18 to 24. Besides

that, location to conduct the survey would be one of the boundaries as the venue such as

psychology lab and discussion room are limited.

3.7 Summary

In this chapter, the design that fit this study is the cross sectional survey as it can

measure both the variables in this study. The sampling method will be purposive sampling as

certain criteria need to be fulfil for carry out the survey. Instrument chosen are The Flinders

Handedness survey and McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligence Inventory. The survey will be

carry out in both paper form and online survey. Besides that, the data collected will be run

with SPSS version 20 for analysis. The potential boundaries that can be happen would be

location for the survey to be carry out and the holistic of data due to different method of

collecting data.

IBM. (2014). SPSS Statistic. Retrieved from

http://www-01.ibm.com/software/analytics/spss /products/statistics/

McKenzie, W. (1999). Multiple Intelligences (M.I.) Inventory. Retrieved from

http://surfaquarium.com/MI/inventory.htm

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities.

Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. Retrieved from

https://opa.up rrp.edu/InvInsDocs/KrejcieandMorgan.pdf

Petscher, Y., Schatschneider, C., & Compton, D.L. (2013). Applied quantitative analysis in

education and the social sciences. Taylor & Francis. U.K.

Left Handers Day. (2014). Being left-handed. Left Handers Day.com Retrieved from

http://www.lefthandersday.com/tour/being-left-handed#.VFV9EvmUeSo

Google. (2014). Forms. Google.com. Retrieved from http://www.google.com.

my/forms/about/

Nicholls, M.E.R., Thomas, N.A., Loetscher, T. & Grimshaw, G.M. (2013). The Flinders

Handedness survey(FLANDERS): A brief measure of skilled hand preference. Cortex,

1-13. Doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2013.02.002

Hajhashemi,K & Wong, B.E. (2010). A validation study of the Persian version of

McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligences Inventory to measure profiles of pre-university.

Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum 18(2), 342-355. Retrieved from https://wiki.creative

commons.org/images/0/0b/A_Validation_Study_of_the_Persian_Version_of_Mckenzie

's_ (1999)_Multiple_Intelligences_Inventory_to_ Measure_MI_P rofiles_of_Pre-

University_Students.pdf