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Chapter 3

Erosion and Deposition

The Big Question:

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Design a way to represent and describe the 4 types of mass movement. You

may use pictures, diagrams, list, web, chart, etc…

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Chapter 3: Erosion and Deposition “The Big ?”--- What processes shape the surface of the land?

Lesson 1: Mass Movement

I. Processes Changing Earth’s Surface

A. _____________________: The process by

which natural forces __________________

weathered rock and soil from one place

to another.

1. Created By: a. _______________________

b. Moving water

c. _______________________

d. Waves

e. _______________________

2. Sediment: Consists of _______________ or soil, or the remains

of __________________ and _______________________.

B. Deposition: ________________________ (lay down) sediment

C. Continuous Cycle: Weathering, ______________________ and

deposition act together in a ______________________ that wears

down and ___________________ up Earth’s surface.

D. Gravity

1. The _____________ that pulls rock and other materials downhill

2. Causes mass ___________________________

II. Mass Movement: Process that moves sediment _______________________

A. ___________________: Rapid downhill movement of a mixture of

___________________, rock, and soil. (Often occur after heavy rain)

B. ___________________: Occurs when rock and soil slide quickly down a

____________________ slope.

C. Slump: A mass of rock and soil

______________________ slip down a

slope (one __________________ mass)

D. ______________________: Very

______________ downhill movement of

rock and soil. (Often the result from the

freezing and ___________________)

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Represent and describe the 5 factors that affect water runoff.

Draw and label a diagram that shows the difference between rill, gully, stream and

river

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Lesson 2: Water Erosion

I. How Does Moving Water Cause Erosion?

A. Runoff: Water moving over the ___________________

1. ___________________ Erosion: When runoff flows in a thin

layer over the land.

2. Factors Affecting Runoff:

a. The _____________________ of rain

b. Vegetation

c. Type of ________________

d. _________________ of land

e. How people __________ land

B. Stream Formation

1. _______________: Tiny grooves in the soil.

2. _______________: A large groove, or _______________,

in the soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm.

3. Stream: Channel along which water is _________________

flowing down a slope. (Large = River)

4. __________________: Stream or river that flows into a

________________ river.

5. Drainage Basin (__________________): Area from which a

river and its tributaries ____________________ their water.

II. What Land Features Are Formed by Water Erosion and Deposition?

A. Water Erosion

1. Valleys: Rivers create

____________, V-shaped valleys.

2. Waterfalls: _______________ rock

wears away _________ than harder rock.

a. Rapids: Rough water; occurs where

a river tumbles over hard _______.

3. _______________ Plains: Flat, wide

area of ________________ along a river

that fills with water when a river floods.

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Represent the features formed when land is eroded by water. You may use chart,

venn diagram, drawing, diagram, etc…

Represent and describe the land features formed by water deposition.

Draw and describe the difference between stalactites and stalagmites

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4. ___________________: Looplike bend in the course of a river.

1. Erosion on ________________ banks of river

2. Meander becomes ________________ over time

5. Oxbow Lakes: A meander that has been _______ from the river

B. Water Deposition

1. __________________: Sediments deposited

where a ___________________ flows into an

ocean or ____________ build up.

2. Alluvial ________: A wide, sloping deposit of

________________________ formed where

a stream leaves a _________________ range.

C. Groundwater Erosion

1. Groundwater: ____________ soaked into the ______________

2. Break Down: Groundwater can cause erosion through ________

weathering (_____________ acid breaks down ____________)

3. ______ Formations: Water containing carbonic acid and calcium

from limestone drips from a cave’s roof. Carbon dioxide escapes

from the ________________, leaving behind a deposit of calcite.

a. ____________________: Deposit that hangs from

the ceiling of the cave (“c”= ceiling; holding “tite”)

b. ____________________: Deposit that builds up

from the floor (“g”=ground; careful…you “mite” step on

one)

4. ________________ Topography: A region in which a layer of

limestone close to the ___________________ creates deep

_________________, caverns, and _____________________.

Lesson 3: Glacial Erosion

I. How Do Glaciers Form and Move?

A. ______________________: Any large mass of _______ that moves

______________ over land.

B. Can only form where ___________ snow _________ than __________.

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Compare and Contrast the two types of Glaciers. You may use Venn diagram, chart,

etc…

Represent and describe 2 ways glaciers cause erosion. You may use words,

diagrams, drawings, etc…

Represent and describe the landforms created by glacier deposition.

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C. Types of Glaciers

1. ________________________ Glaciers

a. Covers much of a continent or large _________.

b. ____% of Earth’s land

c. Antarctica and ______________________

d. Can move in _______ directions

e. _______ ________: Times when these glaciers

covered much of the Earth.

f. Most recent retreat: ____________ years ago

2. ____________________ Glacier

a. Long, ______________ glacier that forms when

snow and ice build up high in a

________________________ valley.

b. Gravity pulls it _____________________

II. How Do Glaciers Cause Erosion and Deposition?

A. Erosion

1. Plucking: Process by which a glacier

_______ up rocks. (Rock fragments

freeze to the bottom of a glacier.) 2. ____________________: The

rock on the bottom of the glacier

being dragged across the land

gouges and ______________ the

bedrock..

a. Grooves

b. Striations

B. Deposition

1. ___________: Mixture of __________________ a

glacier deposits directly on the surface.

(Clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders)

2. Moraine: Till deposited at the _______ of a glacier

a. Terminal Moraine: __________________

formed at the _____________________

point reached by a glacier.

3. _________________: Small ________________

that forms when a chuck of __________ is left in

glacier till and melts.

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Represent and describe the 6 other landforms created by glaciers.

Represent and describe the 4 landforms created by wave erosion.

Represent and describe the 5 landforms created by wave deposition

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C. Other Glacial Landforms:

1. ____________: Forms when the level of the ___

rises, filling a _________________ once cut by a

glacier.

2. __________________: When glaciers carve

away the __________________ of a mountain,

the result is a sharpened __________________.

3. ____________: A bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a

glacier.

4. Arete: Sharp _______ separating two ________.

5. Glacial ______________: Glaciers may leave

behind large lakes in _____________ basins.

6. U-Shaped ____________________: A flowing

glacier scoops out a __________________ valley.

Lesson 4: Wave Erosion

I. How Do Waves Cause Erosion and Deposition?

A. Erosion by __________________

1. __________________ in waves comes from ______________

2. Waves shape the _________________ through erosion by

____________________ down rock and _________________

sand and other ______________________.

3. 2 ways waves ________________ the land:

a. _______________ (large waves hit rock with great force)

b. _______________ (sediment in water breaks down rock)

4. _________________: Part of the shore that sticks out into the

ocean. (Made of harder rock that resists erosion by the waves.)

B. Landforms Created by Wave Erosion

1. _____ _________: Waves erode a _____________ area in rock

2. Wave-cut ____________: Waves erode base of cliff (collapses)

3. Sea _________: Waves erode a _____________ of softer rock

that underlies a layer of _________________ rock

4. Sea stack: ______ collapses, but pillar of rock remains standing

C. Deposits by Waves

1. ______________: Area of wave-washed sediment along a coast.

2. Longshore ___________: Waves hit beach at an angle, creating

a current _________________ to the coastline moving sediment.

3. ______________: Long ridges of sand parallel to the ________.

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Represent and describe the 2 causes of wind erosion. You may use words, drawings,

diagrams, etc…

Represent and describe two landforms created by wind deposition. You may use

diagrams, drawings, words, etc…

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4. __________ __________:

Forms when ____________ waves

pile up large amounts of sand above

sea level, forming a long, narrow

___________ parallel to the coast.

5. Spits: A beach that projects

like a _____________ out into the

water. (Result of

___________________ current)

a. Created where a headland

or other obstacle interrupts

longshore drift or where the

__________ turns abruptly.

Lesson 5: Wind Erosion

I. How Does Wind Cause Erosion and Deposition?

A. ______________________: The process by which wind removes

________________ materials.

1. ________________ pavement: Deflation can sometimes create

an area of rock ___________________ (wind blew away smaller

sediment, leaving rocky material)

B. ______________________: Wind-carried sand can

___________________ rocks but causes relatively little

_________________________

C. Deposition by Wind:

1. Sand _____________: When wind meets an _____________,

a _________________ of windblown sand forms.

a. __________________ of sand dune depends on:

1. ________________________ of wind

2. __________________ of sand

3. Presence of ____________________

b. Sand dunes can _______________

2. _______________ Deposits: Sediment ______________ than

sand (i.e. sand or clay) is dropped _______ from its source in large

_________________ (Helps form fertile ____________) for

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