Chapter 3: Alabama: Territory and State. Chapter 3 Vocabulary Emigrants Squatters Judicial Homesteads Enabling Act Merchants Constitution Executive Legislative

Chapter 3: Alabama: Territory and State

Chapter 3 Vocabulary• Emigrants• Squatters• Judicial• Homesteads• Enabling Act• Merchants• Constitution• Executive• Legislative • townships• Keelboat• Sections• Survey• Constitutional convention

emigrants

• People who leave one country to live in another

squatters

• People who occupy land or a building without the owner’s permission

homesteads

• A house and its land and buildings

Enabling Act

• The act that allowed Alabama to become a state

constitution

• Laws and principles that form the basis of a country’s organization

merchants

• People who buy and sell goods

legislative

• Branch of government responsible for making laws

executive

• Branch of government responsible for carrying out plans, laws, and official policies

judicial

• Having to do with the law and courts

townships

• A unit of local government

keelboat

• Boat steered with long poles

sections

• Divisions of land marked by surveyors

survey

• Take measurements of land, especially to make a map or establish a route

Constitutional Convention

• Meeting to discuss and write or revise a constitution

Chapter 3 Vocabulary

• Emigrants• Squatters• Judicial• Homesteads• Enabling Act• Merchants• Constitution• Executive• Legislative • townships• Keelboat• Sections• Survey• Constitutional convention

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Chapter 3 Alabama: Territory and State

• Lesson 1• ALCOS• Outcome:• Identify main causes, key

people, and historical documents of the American Revolution and the new nation

Chapter 3 Alabama: Territory and StateLesson 1

• Before Activity: “Think, Turn, & Talk”Imagine that you had no classroom teacher. You had to spend all day in a classroom with just the other students. When it came to rules, you had to follow the rules that the teacher across the hall makes her students follow. You had to do the work that the other class does, but with no teacher to teach you how to do it. When they take a test, you have to take it to even though you were never taught by a teacher. When the other teacher’s class misbehaves and receives silent lunch, your class has to have silent lunch too, even though your behavior was great! How would you feel???

Think (1 minute)…Turn and Talk to your group about your thoughts


• Turn to page 71 in your textbook and silently read along with your teacher:– The American Revolution is perhaps the most

significant event in American History because it resulted in the creation of our nation. In the 1770s the 13 colonies of Great Britain along the eastern seaboard began to object to the way the British King and Parliament made rules for them. Resentment grew into revolution. The colonies had the goal of independence and self government.


• When I read this passage, I noticed some important words (object, resentment, revolution, and independence). Reread this paragraph with your group and discuss what you think these words mean by using context clues:– The American Revolution is perhaps the most



• Reread this paragraph and answer the following question:

In your own words, what caused the American Revolution?– The American Revolution is perhaps the most


The American Revolution is perhaps the

most important event in

American History

because it resulted in

the creation of our nation!

Alabama: Territory and State

• 1770’s- 13 colonies (actually 15 –West and East Florida weren’t counted by Americans because they didn’t take part in the Revolution) didn’t agree with the way the British king made rules for them.

• Resentment grew and the 13 colonies wanted independence.

• France and Spain helped the colonies win the war…in hopes of weakening the British Empire.

• MANY EVENTS WERE OCCURING IN OTHER COLONIES…

Sugar Act and Stamp Act

• British taxed colonists on many of the goods coming into the colonies from other places

• British imposed taxes upon all paper products and stamped the item once the tax had been played.

Colonists react…

“No Taxation

Without Representatio

n!”

Various protests:

• Patrick Henry’s speech• Sons and Daughters of Liberty• Benjamin Franklin’s visit to Parliament

• Boston Massacre

Boston Tea Party

• Lower price on British tea

• Colonists still pay taxes

• Boycotted British tea

• Sons of Liberty dressed in disguise and dumped British tea overboard

King George III passes the“Intolerable Acts”

• The Royal Navy blockades the Boston Harbor so no colonial goods could be sent out until tea was paid for.

• Colonists had to quarter the British soldiers.

• The King assigned British General Gage to be Massachusetts governor.

First Continental Congress meets in

Philadelphia

Conflict at Lexington and Concord

• British General Gage learns of hidden weapons in Concord• Two lanterns hung in church tower to warn the British coming by “sea” (Charles River)• Paul Revere and William Dawes make midnight ride to warn Minutemen of approaching British soldiers

Second Continental Congress

Representatives brought

money to help establish…

the Continental

Army

(i.e. pay soldiers, buy guns, bullets,

food, and uniforms

independence : (n)

the freedom to govern on one’s own.

declaration : (n)

an official statement

Who was involved?

• Benjamin Franklin

• John Adams• Robert R.

Livingston• Roger Sherman• Thomas

Jefferson

Where did it all take place?

This is a replica of the Graff house where Jefferson wrote the majority of the 1st draft of the Declaration of Independence. The original building (at this location) was destroyed in 1888.


• At this time, Mobile was part of British West Florida, which was still loyal to Great Britain.

• The Spanish attacked the British garrison at Mobile.

• The British surrendered at Yorktown in 1781. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed (INDEPENDENCE)

The American Revolution is perhaps the

most important event in

American History

because it resulted in

the creation of our nation!


• Alliances with the Indians in Alabama were important

• Spain and the new American nation competed with each other for influence with the Indians

• Pensacola-strong trading company with Alexander McGillivray only traded with the Spanish

Alabama: Benjamin Hawkins

• 1979-Pres. Washington sent Benjamin Hawkins to Georgia to live among the Indians and visit the Alabama Creeks, as a spy.

• His plan was to convince the Indians to adopt the ways of the settlers.

• He taught men to farm and women to make clothing without having to use deerskins.

Alabama: The Ellicott Line

• The 1795 Pickney Treaty was signed between Spain and the U.S. establishing the border with Florida at the 31st parallel.

• Andrew Ellicott was sent to survey the boundary line and mark it with large stones.

• Today Ellicott’s Line marks part of the boundary between Alabama and Florida. In Mobile County, you can see a stone marker on the line. It is carved in English on one side and Spanish on the other.

Alabama: The Horse Path Through

Creek Lands• Communication was slow

and difficult to Washington D.C..

• A ship took weeks, so mail was taken over land.

• A U.S. postal rider had to take a dangerous and very long horseback ride through the Alabama Indian lands.

• Sometimes, the mail, rider, and horse disappeared.

• 1805-Indians agreed to allow improvements and not to attack. This road came to be known as the Federal Road


Discuss and answer the following question:

1. Why was Great Britain against the colonists having their independence?

2. How many colonies were actually in North America at the time of the American Revolution?

3. What did President Washington ask Benjamin Hawkins to do as an Indian agent?

4. Who was Alexander McGillivray?

5. How did mail travel on the frontier?



1. Great Britain was against the colonists having their independence because its empire would weaken.

2. 15 colonies were actually in North America at the time of the American Revolution

3. President Washington asked Benjamin Hawkins to serve as an Indian agent and encourage the Indians to adopt the ways of the settlers

4. Alexander McGillivray was a Creek leader.

5. Mail traveled on the frontier by a U.S. postal rider.


Outcome: Identifying main causes, key people, and historical documents of the American Revolution and the new nation

ACTIVITY:Step 1: Draw an image that represents something from today’s text about the American Revolution.

Step 2: Choose 5 key words from the text or your connection to the text and place them anywhere around the picture.

Step 3: Choose 1 statement directly from the text and write it at the bottom of your illustration. (Statement should have power and meaning)

Step 4: Answer the following question somewhere on your paper:

How do you think this event effected history?

Lesson 2: Before Activity part1

5 Word Prediction

You are about to read 5 words on the next slide. These are words that you will read in the next lesson. Once you read them, use them as clues to write a paragraph predicting what you think happened next in history.

Lesson 2: ActivityOutcome-

predict the causes and effects of the Creek Civil War and the Creek War in Alabama

Competition Tension

Conflict

Change Force

The Clash of Old Ways and New Ways

• Creek Indian culture was changing because of contact with European-Americans and Africans.

• The authority of tribal elders weakened.

• Creeks had always thought of land as free for all to use, but farming now meant competition for the best land.

The Clash of Old Ways and New Ways

• Tension grew between Creeks who lived as Indians and those who adopted the ways of the settlers.

• Benjamin Hawkins went to the Creek council and heard Tecumseh speak to the Indians.

• Tecumseh urged the Indians to keep their ways and traditions and unite with other Indians to fight the Americans.


• Follow along in your textbook while your teacher reads pages 78-79


• Re read pgs. 78-79

What caused the Creek War?

Discuss these causes with your group


On your own…• Re read pgs. 78-79

Be ready to share your answer to this question…

Who fought against who?

The Creek War• Settlers and Native

Americans clashed over land.

• The Creek Indians were also divided: The Red Sticks vs. The White Sticks

• The Red Sticks were motivated by Tecumseh and wanted to go to war.

• The White Sticks were joined with the Chickasaw, Choctaw Indians, and Tennessee volunteers, and they wanted peace.

The Creek War• The conflict between

the Red Sticks and the White sticks was a civil war.

• Out of it grew the Creek War of 1813-1814

• In Alabama, the Creek War began with a fight at Burnt Corn Creek, located in what is now Escambia County in southwest Alabama

The Creek War• July 26, 1813-Peter

McQueen and a group of Red Sticks were attacked by a group of settlers. The Creeks scattered into a swamp and won the fight.

• A month later, the Fort Mims massacre occurred. 500 people were in the fort when William Weatherford (Red Eagle) led the Red Sticks in an unexpected attack. 250 people died, including more than 100 Red Sticks.

The Tennessee Volunteers• Fall of 1813-

Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, and White Sticks joined the settlers to fight the Red Sticks.

• Tennessee sent Major Andrew Jackson and his militia

(Tennessee Volunteers)

• They were joined by other militias to win many attacks on the Indians.

Horseshoe Bend• Winter of 1814- the

remaining Red Sticks were gathered on a small bend on the Tallapoosa River.

• March 27,1814-General Jackson closed in on the fort while the White sticks and other army soldiers were across the river. Cherokee Indians swam the river and destroyed canoes to keep the Red Sticks from escaping. The Red Sticks were trapped.

Horseshoe Bend• The battle lasted all

day, and it was said that the river ran red with blood for hours afterward.

• In the battle, more than 800 warriors were killed. American losses in the battle were very light.

• Sam Houston, a young army officer, said that when the sun went down that day “it set over the ruin of the Creek nation.”

Horseshoe Bend• This battle at

Horseshoe Bend was the last battle of the Creek War.

• By August, 1 year after the war had started, most of the Indians had signed the Treaty of Fort Jackson with Andrew Jackson.

William Weatherford “RED EAGLE”

• Grew up on the banks of the Al. River

• Led the Red Sticks in the Creek Indian War

• Escaped the battle of Holy Ground by leaping from a cliff, on horseback, into the Al. River

• After the war ended, he surrendered to Andrew Jackson in order to save the few of his people.

• Pardoned for bravery and retired to his farm in southwest Alabama where he later died in 1824

General Andrew Jackson• Born in 1767 in South

Carolina• With his wife Rachael, he

lived in Nashville on a plantation called The Hermitage. (no children)

• When his soldiers found a Creek baby with no mother, he sent the baby home to Rachael where she cared for it, and they later adopted him. (Lincoyer)

• American hero because of his victory in the war

• Later became President of the United States.

Pushmataha• Strong Choctaw leader• After the attack on Fort

Mims, as chief of the Choctaws, he came to Mobile to help fight the Creeks(Red Sticks).

• They fought alongside the Americans.

• He was awarded the honorary rank of brigadier general for his loyalty to the U.S.

• He became ill and died while in Washington trying to discuss the problem of American squatters moving onto Choctaw Treaty lands.

After the War• When the war was over,

Alabama Indians ceded more land to the United States. The Indian way of life had changed.

• 1830’s- tribal Indians were removed from their lands in Alabama and forced to move to Oklahoma Territory to live on reservations.

• Their sad march away from their home was called the Trail of Tears.



1. Tecumseh urged the Creeks to do what?

2. Who were the Red Sticks and the White Sticks? What caused their civil war?

3. What was the first battle of the Creek Indian War?

4. What groups fought against the Red Sticks?

5. What was William Weatherford’s Indian name? Whose side was he on in the Creek Indian War?



1. Tecumseh urged the Creeks to do keep their Indian ways and traditions.

2. The Red Sticks were the Creeks that wanted war with the settlers and the White Sticks were the Creek Indians that wanted peace.

3. The first battle of the Creek Indian War was Burnt Corn Creek.

4. The White Sticks, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Tennessee volunteers, and the settlers fought against the Red Sticks?

5. William Weatherford’s Indian name was Red Eagle. He was a leader of the Creek Indians (Red Sticks)

Lesson 2: Activity part2

5 Word Prediction

You are about to read the same 5 words on the next slide. You have seen these words in the presentation. Once you read them, use them in a paragraph summarizing the causes, alliances, and outcomes of the Creek War.

Lesson 2: Activity part2 Outcome-

summarize the causes and effects of the Creek Civil War and the Creek War in Alabama

Competition Tension

Conflict

change force

The Pioneers

• After the Indians were defeated, more settlers moved into Alabama. This was referred to as the “ALABAMA FEVER”

• Some military men saw the beautiful land while fighting and were granted land grants for their service.

• Most of the people that came to Alabama were from southern states.

The Pioneers

• Settlers came by wagon, carts, horses, keelboats, stagecoaches, or just walked.

• Communities and families would move together and settle by one another.

• Pioneers needed good land, for crops, and needed to be near a river in order to ship their products to market.

• Merchants and lawyers needed to be in a town to open their business.

The Federal Road

• Creeks operated stagecoach inns along the Federal Road. They made money by giving travelers a place to sleep.

• Many travelers reported that the roads were almost impossible to travel on because of the ruts and crevices.

• Men would work for hours to get their belongings over the holes in the road while the women rested and watched the children play.

Frontier Land

• Some settlers purchased land, but others would just live on it.

• Pioneers who settled on frontier land they did not own were called squatters. They were often poor and didn’t have cash to buy land.

• If they could, they would eventually buy the land, but if not, they would have to pack up and move once their land was sold to someone else.

The Vine and Olive Colony

• 1817-Frenchmen supporting Napolean I moved into Alabama. (The U.S. government gave them land grants after they were sent into exile from their country.)

• They named their town Demopolis “city of the people”

The Vine and Olive Colony• They were once wealthy

officers in the French officer, so they were not skilled farmers. However, they planted grape vines and olive trees.

• Even though they filled their cabins with expensive mementos from France, they had trouble adjusting to the frontier and American ways.

• Their grapes and olive trees didn’t grow and many families gave up.

• They went down the river to Mobile or New Orleans where city life was more comfortable for them.

The Alabama Territory, 1817• 1817- Mississippi became a

state and Alabama became a territory.

• Alabama’s territorial government was located at St. Stephens and William Wyatt Bibb was the governor.

• Governor Bibb moved to Alabama and settled on a plantation north of Montgomery at Coosada.

The Alabama Territory, 1817• Alabama was a territory for

only 2 years. 1819-Alabama petitioned Congress for statehood.

• Enabling Act-gave Alabama some land to build a capitol, and land to build and support a state university.

• Each town had to set aside land for community schools. Children living in isolated areas would have the opportunity to learn to read and write.

The Alabama Territory, 1817• Alabama Territory held an

election for delegates to go to Huntsville to write a constitution. To gain statehood, Alabama had to write its own constitution.

• Good leaders from all across Alabama went to the constitutional convention.

• They wrote the Alabama constitution of 1819 which was simple and short, and it established 3 branches of state government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

The Alabama Territory, 1817• 1819-An election was held and

William Wyatt Bibb was elected governor.

• The state legislature met and elected William Rufus King and John Williams Walker as the sate’s first 2 senators.

• After congress approved the written constitution, President James Monroe signed the resolution admitting Alabama to the statehood on December 14, 1819.

Alabama’s Capitals1. St. Stephens (1817-1819) Not a central location

2. Huntsville (1819)

Held the constitutional convention

Temporary capital

3. Cahaba (1820-1826)

Floods

4. Tuscaloosa (1826-1846)

Not a central location

Difficult to travel to

Cotton growth made a move necessary

5. Montgomery (1846-Present)

A central location with early railroad connections!!!



1. What was Alabama Fever?

2. Who were squatters?

3. What did the Vine and Olive colonists try to grow in Alabama?

4. Name 1 requirement for Alabama to be approved for statehood.



1. Alabama Fever was the desire by others to move to Alabama.

2. Squatters were pioneers that settled on frontier land that they did not own.

3. The Vine and Olive colonists tried to grow grape vines and olive trees in Alabama.

4. Requirements for Alabama to be approved for statehood were to write a constitution, build a capitol, and build and support a state university.


Outcome:Describe Alabama’s entry into statehood

ACTIVITY (3-2-1):Step 1: Divide your paper into 4 equal sections.

Step 2:In the 1st section, write your name, date, and class #. Number the other sections: 3, 2, 1

Step 3: In section 3- write 3 important details and/or requirements you learned in this lesson about Alabama becoming a state.

Step 4:In section 2- write 2 requirements you think any state should have to meet in order to become a state. (not already a requirement)

Step 5: In section 1- write 1 question you still have about Alabama becoming a state. In this section, you may also illustrate and color a state seal.

Documents

Chapter 3: Alabama: Territory and State. Chapter 3 Vocabulary Emigrants Squatters Judicial Homesteads Enabling Act Merchants Constitution Executive Legislative