Chapter 3-4 Southern Colonies

3-4 Coming to America

• Tobacco prices fall– Small farms hurt– Large farms and Plantations able to make profit

• Plantations need workers– Not all came by choice– English criminals– Scottish and Irish prisoners– African slaves

• Others came as indentured servants- work for free to pay for their passage to America

3-4 Maryland

• Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for Catholics to settle, also wanted the colony to bring him fortune

• 1632 King Charles II grants him a proprietary colony north of Virginia

• 1634 2 ships with 200 settlers enter Chesapeake Bay and sail up the Potomac River

• Tobacco and Corn became the primary crops in Maryland

• Baltimore became the colonies s port and largest• settlement

3-4 Maryland

• Baltimore gave land to relatives and Aristocrats but needed people to work the plantation fields

• To attract settlers offered headrights– Also brought in indentured servants and enslaved

Africans

3-4 Mason-Dixon line

• Boundary issues arose between Penn and Calvert• Jeremiah Dixon and Charles Mason were

astronomers hired to establish a clear border between the two colonies

• Issues between Protestants welcomed into Maryland and Catholics began to occur

• 1649 Act of Toleration was passed allowing Protestants and Catholics to worship freely

• The Act was intended to keep Maryland from becoming a Protestant colony, but later did

3-4 Virginia

• Successful tobacco industry pushed many settlers to expand inland

• Caused conflict with Native Americans• Governor Berkeley made an arrangement with

the Native Americans to keep any more settlers from expanding West

3-4 Virginia/Bacon’s Rebellion

• Nathaniel Bacon was outraged by the limitation put on the settlers for westward expansion as well as the lack of protection for colonists from Native Americans

• 1676 Bacon leads a rebellion attacking Native American settlements and eventually turning on Jamestown

•Bacon becomes ill and dies before he can take control of Virginia

3-4 Virginia/Bacon’s Rebellion

• Bacon’s Rebellion showed the colonists would not settle for being limited to the coast

• Colonial Gov. forms a militia to control Native Americans and opens up lands for further expansion

3-4 Carolinas

• 1663 Charles II forms a proprietary colony south of Virginia

• Gives the land to eight members of his court that helped him regain his crown

• Land named Carolina = “Charles Land”• 1680 they establish the city of Charleston• John Locke writes a constitution for the

colonies or plan of government

3-4 Carolinas

• The plan of government did not work out accordingly and the colony later split into 2 North and South

• North– Grew tobacco and forest products such as timber and tar

• South– More prosperous thanks to fertile farmland and Charleston

Harbor• Eliza Lucas – developed and grew Indigo used to dye

textiles “Blue Gold”

3-4 Carolinas/Slave Labor

• South Carolina settlers came mostly from Barbados where they used slaves to produce sugar

• Rice became a major crop in the Carolinas and required a great deal of labor to produce which caused the demand for slaves to increase

• 1729 colonists seize control of the colony from the proprietors

3-4 Georgia

• 1733 a group led by General James Oglethorpe receives a charter to form a colony where debtors, people that could not repay their debt, and poor people could make a fresh starts

• English government had other plans for Georgia. It was to serve as a buffer for the other colonies from Spanish colonies in Florida

3-4 New France

• Founded the colony of Quebec• Concerned with fishing and fur trapping• Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette explored the

Mississippi River in search of the Pacific Ocean• Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle followed the

Mississippi all the way to the Gulf, claimed the area around the river for France, named it Louisiana

• Port of New Orleans became a huge center for trade

3-4 New Spain

• Settled in Mexico, Central America, Western US, and into Florida

• Spanish established Missions in California to convert Native Americans to Christianity

• Supported Native American rights